{"id":852,"date":"2018-05-14T17:46:45","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T09:46:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=852"},"modified":"2018-05-09T16:17:11","modified_gmt":"2018-05-09T08:17:11","slug":"%e5%bb%ba%e6%a7%8b%e9%a3%b2%e9%a3%9f%e5%8f%b2%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e3%80%8a%e5%b8%9d%e5%9c%8b%e8%88%87%e6%96%99%e7%90%86%e3%80%8b%e5%b0%8e%e8%ae%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=852","title":{"rendered":"\u5efa\u69cb\u98f2\u98df\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u2500\u2500\u300a\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6599\u7406\u300b\u5c0e\u8b80"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u672c\u6587\u539f\u520a\u65bc\u300a\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6599\u7406\u300b\uff08\u516b\u65d7\u6587\u5316\uff0c2017\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6599\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u745e\u79cb\uff0e\u52de\u4e39\uff08Rachel Laudan\uff09\u7684\u8fd1\u8457\u300a\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6599\u7406\u300b\u662f\u5979\u7e7c1996\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6a02\u5712\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff1a\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u98f2\u98df\u907a\u7522\u63a2\u6e90\u300b\uff08<em>The Food of Paradise: Exploring Hawaii\u2019s Culinary Heritage<\/em>\uff09 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40px;\">\u8981\u5f9e\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u8df3\u5230\u89c0\u5bdf\u5168\u7403\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e26\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\uff0c\u300a\u6a02\u5712\u7684\u98df\u7269\u300b\u53ea\u9808\u6aa2\u8996\u4e09\u6ce2\u79fb\u6c11\u5e36\u9032\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u98f2\u98df\u5c0d\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u98df\u6750\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3001\u70f9\u8abf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9084\u662f\u8abf\u5473\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u767c\u751f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7a7a\u9593\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ffd\u5c0b\u5230\u5176\u6e90\u982d\u3002\u4f46\u300a\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6599\u7406\u300b\u537b\u6b32\u540c\u6642\u6aa2\u8a0e\u300c\u5e1d\u570b\u300d\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u300c\u6599\u7406\u300d\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u727d\u6d89\u5404\u7a2e\u98df\u6750\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u8207\u50b3\u64ad\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5c0d\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u6216\u662f\u793e\u6703\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\u8207\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u9593\u5c0d\u98df\u7269\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u662f\u5473\u89ba\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u4e43\u81f3\u70f9\u8abf\u8207\u64fa\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6599\u7406\u7684\u6e90\u8d77<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 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sapiens\uff09\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5982\u77f3\u982d\u3001\u9aa8\u982d\u3001\u6a39\u6728\u7b49\u88fd\u4f5c\u5668\u7269\uff0c\u624d\u64f4\u5927\u98df\u7269\u7bc4\u570d\u8207\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u800c\u8655\u7406\u6996\u985e\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u8490\u96c6\u8349\u672c\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u9593\u63a5\u52a0\u71b1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u70f9\u8abf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u5bcc\u542b\u71b1\u91cf\u7684\u83dc\u991a\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u4eba\u985e\u8490\u96c6\u98df\u6750\u3001\u70f9\u8abf\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u98f2\u98df\u53f2\u7684\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u5c0f\u9ea5\u8015\u7a2e\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u9676\u88fd\u5bb9\u5668\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u98df\u7528\u7a40\u985e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u8349\u672c\u79d1\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u679c\u5be6\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u624d\u6703\u8a2d\u6cd5\u8490\u96c6\u7a40\u985e\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u99b4\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u7d30\u5fc3\u7167\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u6536\u6210\uff0c\u8fb2\u696d\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u751f\u3002\u5c0f\u9ea5\u50b3\u64ad\u5230\u5404\u5730\u6642\uff0c\u591a\u662f\u7c89\u98df\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c07\u9ea5\u5b50\u78e8\u6210\u7c89\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6476\u63c9\u6210\u9eb5\u7cf0\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u71b1\u88fd\u6210\u5404\u7a2e\u9eb5\u98df\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u9ea5\u7684\u539f\u751f\u5730\uff0c\u9eb5\u7cf0\u591a\u4ee5\u70d8\u70e4\u65b9\u5f0f\u88fd\u6210\u9eb5\u5305\u98df\u7528\uff0c\u50b3\u5230\u4e2d\u4e9e\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1b\u4f46\u5c0f\u9ea5\u9032\u5165\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u537b\u591a\u6210\u70ba\u708a\u9905\uff08\u84b8\u9905\uff09\u6216\u662f\u6e6f\u9905\uff08\u9eb5\u689d\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u4e5f\u6709\u70e4\u88fd\u800c\u6210\u7684\u80e1\u9905\uff08\u71d2\u9905\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u540d\u7a31\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u5f9e\u516b\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ee5\u52a0\u6c34\u84b8\u716e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u7a3b\u7c73\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u8655\u7406\u5c0f\u9ea5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7528\u5c0f\u9ea5\u50b3\u64ad\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u52de\u4e39\u5c0d\u6b64\u8b70\u984c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u300c\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6599\u7406\u300d\u9084\u662f\u300c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u6599\u7406\u300d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 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style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u52de\u4e39\u986f\u7136\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u53d6\u5f97\u98df\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u5fc5\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u624b\u6bb5\u70ba\u4e4b\u3002\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u8b70\u984c\u70ba\u5176\u5207\u5165\u300a\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u6599\u7406\u300b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3002\u5e1d\u570b\u6216\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u8207\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u81f3\u70ba\u5bc6\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u7ce7\u98df\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u570b\u5bb6\u5e0c\u671b\u89e3\u6c7a\u98f2\u98df\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8b93\u5176\u570b\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u5176\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u5b58\u300d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8981\u5c07\u7ce7\u98df\u8207\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5f9e\u4eba\u53e3\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u8aaa\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u660e\u9032\u5165\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u671f\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u5feb\u901f\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u7ce7\u98df\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u4ee4\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u95dc\u6ce8\u7ce7\u98df\u751f\u7522\u8207\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u5df2\u7d93\u51fa\u73fe\u4eba\u53e3\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7576\u6642\u56e0\u5316\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u9032\u6b65\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff1a\u5316\u5b78\u80a5\u6599\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7ce7\u98df\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u85e5\u54c1\u4f7f\u5f97\u91ab\u7642\u885b\u751f\u4e0d\u65b7\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u75be\u75c5\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u738b\u570b\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u592d\u6298\u7387\u7d04\u70ba\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e03\u5341\u4e94\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u4e0b\u964d\u70ba\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u4ee5\u4e0b\u30021810\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u738b\u570b\u4eba\u53e3\u7d04\u516b\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u842c\uff0c\u5230\u4e861901\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u6210\u9577\u70ba\u4e09\u5343\u842c\uff1b\u53c8\u904e\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u53e3\u5df2\u8d85\u904e\u516d\u5343\u842c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6210\u9577\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a1953\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u53e3\u70ba\u4e94\u9ede\u516b\u5104\uff0c1982\u5e74\u5df2\u8d85\u904e\u5341\u5104\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u53e3\u6210\u9577\u901f\u5ea6\u52e2\u5fc5\u5e36\u4f86\u8a31\u591a\u4e9f\u9700\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u89e3\u6c7a\u7ce7\u98df\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u884c\u8015\u7a2e\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u53d6\u5f97\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u900f\u904e\u6230\u722d\u6216\u5546\u696d\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u5404\u7a2e\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u897f\u5143\u524d\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u620e\u72c4\u5c45\u65bc\u9678\u6e3e\uff0c\u6771\u81f3\u65bc\u885b\uff0c\u4fb5\u76dc\u66b4\u8650\u4e2d\u570b\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u4fb5\u76dc\u66b4\u8650\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u63a0\u596a\u751f\u6d3b\u7269\u8cc7\u3002\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u5951\u4e39\u4eba\u4ecd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u300a\u907c\u53f2\uff0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5377\uff0e\u5fd7\u7b2c\u56db\u300b\u8f09\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u99ac\u4e0d\u7d66\u7ce7\u8349\uff0c\u65e5\u9063\u6253\u8349\u7a40\uff0c\u9a0e\u56db\u51fa\uff0c\u6284\u63a0\u4ee5\u4f9b\u4e4b\u300d\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4e4b\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u8fb2\u696d\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u53e4\u4ee3\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u653b\u57ce\u63a0\u5730\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7f85\u99ac\u4e00\u76f4\u501a\u8cf4\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5c1a\u8207\u7d71\u6cbb\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u738b\u671d\uff08Ptolemaic dynasty\uff09\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7a40\u7269\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u9ea5\u9806\u5c3c\u7f85\u6cb3\u800c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u6e2f\u96c6\u7d50\uff0c\u92b7\u552e\u5230\u7f85\u99ac\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u9019\u689d\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\u8def\u7dda\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u5167\u90e8\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u52d5\u4e82\u3002\u51f1\u85a9\u8207\u99ac\u514b\uff0e\u5b89\u6771\u5c3c\uff08Marcus Antonius\uff09\u5169\u4eba\u89aa\u81ea\u524d\u5f80\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u7ce7\u98df\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u897f\u5143\u524d\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5c4b\u5927\u7dad\u6230\u52dd\u5b89\u6771\u5c3c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u78ba\u4fdd\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\u7121\u7f3a\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u7f85\u99ac\u7684\u7a40\u5009\u3002\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u570b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5207\u65b7\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u7ce7\u9053\uff0c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u9032\u5165\u897f\u4e9e\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5a01\u8105\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5207\u65b7\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5340\u8207\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9b\u61c9\u6b50\u6d32\u7dca\u9130\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u5730\u5340\u3002\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9010\u6f38\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u822a\u8def\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u5967\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u570b\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4e5f\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5546\u696d\u7d44\u7e54\u8207\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u578b\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f9e\u5e74\u9451\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c0\u5bdf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u5e74\u9451\u5b78\u6d3e\u53f2\u5bb6\u8cbb\u723e\u5357\uff0e\u5e03\u52de\u5cb1\u723e\uff08Fernand Braudel\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u8207\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u4e8c\u4e16\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff08<em>The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. <\/em>2 vols.\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u8cb4\u91cd\u91d1\u5c6c\u6d41\u901a\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ca1\u653f\u7d50\u69cb\u7b49\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u5c55\u300c\u822a\u6d77\u6642\u4ee3\u300d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7269\u8cc7\u8207\u904b\u8f38\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a0e\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc1929\u5e74\u7684\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\u5927\u5b78\uff08University of Strasbourg\uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u6821\u6559\u5e2b\u5e03\u6d1b\u8d6b\uff08Marc Bloch\uff09\u53ca\u8cbb\u592b\u723e\uff08Lucien Febvre\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u5021\u7d50\u5408\u6b77\u53f2\u5834\u666f\u8207\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u660e\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u65bc\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u505a\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u7d50\u5408\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5b78\uff0c\u5c07\u89c0\u5bdf\u6b77\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7e31\u6df1\u52a0\u9577\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u9577\u671f\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u4f4d\u5b78\u8005\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u300c\u5e74\u9451\u5b78\u6d3e\u300d\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u5e03\u52de\u5cb1\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u8a55\u8ad6\u5f80\u5f80\u5f9e\u77ed\u6642\u6bb5\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u6703\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e5f\u8a31\u8981\u66f4\u9577\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u300c\u4e2d\u6642\u6bb5\u300d\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5247\u61c9\u7576\u7814\u7a76\u9577\u6642\u6bb5\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u6642\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u57fa\u790e\u61c9\u7576\u62c9\u9577\u5230\u767e\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5341\u4e94\u81f3\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u660e\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\uff08<em>Civilisation mat\u00e9rielle, \u00e9conomie et capitalisme, XVe-XVIIIe si\u00e8cle<\/em>\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u5f9e\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u4e09\u5927\u5377\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u5148\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u500b\u6642\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7269\u8cea\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\u3001\u98f2\u98df\u8207\u5c45\u4f4f\u7b49\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\u4ee5\u300c\u4ea4\u63db\u300d\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4ea4\u6613\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u751f\u7522\u8207\u8cc7\u672c\u7d44\u7e54\uff1b\u800c\u5f8c\u7531\u5c0f\u6f38\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u5206\u6790\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u5957\u66f8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u4e4b\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5617\u8a66\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u70ba\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u6574\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u96db\u5f62\u3002\u52de\u4e39\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u6642\u6bb5\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u300c\u4e2d\u4e9e\u8207\u897f\u4e9e\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6599\u7406\u300d\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u300c\u6b50\u6d32\u8207\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6599\u7406\u300d\u4fbf\u660e\u986f\u53d7\u5230\u5e74\u9451\u5b78\u6d3e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b50\u6d32\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u822a\u884c\u6d77\u4e0a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u8a31\u591a\u8239\u96bb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a7f\u904e\u5927\u6d0b\uff0c\u62b5\u9054\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u7e5e\u904e\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u4e9e\u6d32\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6d3b\u52d5\u4ecd\u4ee5\u8fb2\u696d\u53ca\u5546\u696d\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u7522\u80fd\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u8239\u96bb\u5c07\u5404\u5730\u7684\u7269\u7522\u642c\u5f80\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u99ac\u9234\u85af\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u3001\u756a\u8304\u7b49\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\u5f71\u97ff\u6975\u5927\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u99ac\u9234\u85af\u6210\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u9935\u990a\u7272\u53e3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7269\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u7528\u65bc\u9935\u990a\u99ac\u5339\u7684\u71d5\u9ea5\uff0c\u5247\u8f49\u4f9b\u4eba\u985e\u98df\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u4e3b\u8981\u6cbf\u6d77\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u570b\u5167\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u53e3\u8179\u4e4b\u617e\uff0c\u537b\u5ffd\u7565\u6b64\u6642\u6b50\u6d32\u9762\u81e8\u761f\u75ab\u7684\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u5c0d\u91ab\u85e5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u6025\u5207\u3002\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u4e0d\u65b7\u53d7\u5230\u9f20\u75ab\u4fb5\u8972\uff0c\u537b\u4e00\u76f4\u7121\u6cd5\u8a8d\u8b58\u75c5\u6e90\uff0c\u66f4\u82e6\u7121\u826f\u85e5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u5c0b\u6c42\u79d8\u65b9\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u63d0\u5230\u9999\u6599\u662f\u7576\u6642\u4e00\u9805\u5927\u5b97\u8cb7\u8ce3\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u751a\u6bb7\uff0c\u4f46\u9bae\u5c11\u77e5\u9053\u9032\u53e3\u9999\u6599\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u4e26\u975e\u8abf\u5473\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u65bc\u91ab\u7642\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7576\u6642\u6d77\u4e0a\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u5b97\u5546\u54c1\u8517\u7cd6\u5012\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u5473\u89ba\u4eab\u53d7\u3002\u8517\u7cd6\u8f38\u5165\u6b50\u6d32\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8ff4\u97ff\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u570b\u738b\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\uff08Henry VIII\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u8517\u7cd6\u7684\u300c\u91cd\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6d88\u8017\u6578\u5343\u938a\u9ec3\u91d1\u65bc\u8517\u7cd6\u6d88\u8cbb\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u5546\u4eba\u7d1b\u7d1b\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u5c0b\u6c42\u8517\u7cd6\u4f9b\u61c9\u5730\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9858\u610f\u81ea\u884c\u58be\u5730\u683d\u57f9\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u6642\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6b78\u7d0d\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5c6f\u58be\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u300d\uff08Plantation settlement\u6216plantation colony\uff09\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f5c\u7269\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7740\u773c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u8377\u862d\u6771\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u958b\u58be\u8352\u5730\uff0c\u5f9e\u5370\u5ea6\u5f15\u9032\u7518\u8517\u82d7\u8207\u8015\u725b\uff0c\u53c8\u5f9e\u798f\u5efa\u6cbf\u6d77\u62db\u5fa0\u8fb2\u6c11\uff0c\u958b\u5c55\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u7cd6\u696d\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u5176\u7740\u773c\u9ede\u6b63\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5546\u6a5f\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u5546\u4eba\u62b5\u9054\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f9e\u5370\u5ea6\u5f15\u9032\u52de\u5de5\u8207\u8517\u82d7\uff0c\u958b\u5c55\u71b1\u5e36\u683d\u57f9\u696d\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u5343\u91cc\u9054\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u5c45\u6c11\u4ecd\u4f54\u76f8\u7576\u6bd4\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8b8a\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5c6f\u58be\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e0d\u65b7\u5c0b\u6c42\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u7d93\u6fdf\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4ecd\u5229\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u624b\u6bb5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u63a8\u52d5\u5c6f\u58be\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u66f4\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u683c\uff0c\u300c\u9999\u8549\u5171\u548c\u570b\u300d\uff08Banana Republic\uff09\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u6b63\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u98f2\u98df\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f5c\u7269\u4ecd\u63a8\u52d5\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7e7c\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">1870\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9999\u8549\u9019\u7a2e\u71b1\u5e36\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u7a0d\u5f8c\u624d\u6709\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7d93\u71df\u71b1\u5e36\u6c34\u679c\u683d\u57f9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4ee5\u9999\u8549\u53ca\u7518\u8517\u70ba\u4e3b\u3002\u7d04\u5728\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u7f8e\u6d32\u6380\u8d77\u8208\u5efa\u9435\u8def\u7684\u98a8\u6f6e\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u7d1b\u7d1b\u5f15\u9032\u7f8e\u570b\u6280\u8853\u8207\u8cc7\u91d1\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u9435\u8def\u3002\u7576\u7f8e\u570b\u5546\u4eba\u4e0d\u65b7\u63a8\u5ee3\u9999\u8549\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8de8\u570b\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u7a2e\u690d\u9999\u8549\u7684\u9762\u7a4d\u4e5f\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5ee3\uff0c\u706b\u8eca\u5247\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u5c07\u9999\u8549\u8f38\u5165\u7f8e\u570b\u30021899\u5e74\u6642\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5546\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u5168\u58df\u65b7\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u5730\u5340\u7684\u9999\u8549\u7522\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u5df4\u62ff\u99ac\u3001\u74dc\u5730\u99ac\u62c9\u3001\u5b8f\u90fd\u62c9\u65af\u3001\u5c3c\u52a0\u62c9\u74dc\u3001\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u3001\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u9999\u8549\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9b\u61c9\u570b\u3002\u9999\u8549\u7522\u696d\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5167\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u9808\u5354\u52a9\u5546\u4eba\u638c\u63a7\u8a72\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9999\u8549\u4f9b\u61c9\u3002\u5f9e1900\u5e74\u52301940\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52e2\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u5175\u5e72\u9810\u4e2d\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u4e8b\u52d9\u3002\u4f8b\u59821912\u5e74\uff0c\u51fa\u5175\u5b8f\u90fd\u62c9\u65af\uff0c\u8b93\u806f\u5408\u6c34\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u671f\u8208\u5efa\u9435\u8def\uff1b1918\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u8ecd\u53c8\u51fa\u5175\u4ee5\u5e73\u5b9a\u5df4\u62ff\u99ac\u3001\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u548c\u74dc\u5730\u99ac\u62c9\u7684\u9999\u8549\u5de5\u4eba\u7f77\u5de5\u6848\u3002\u806f\u5408\u6c34\u679c\u516c\u53f8\uff08United Fruit Company\uff09\u548c\u6a19\u6e96\u6c34\u679c\u516c\u53f8\uff08Standard Fruit Company\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u6f38\u589e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u9019\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u51fa\u73fe\u300c\u9999\u8549\u5171\u548c\u570b\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">1928\u5e7411\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u9999\u8549\u5712\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u61c9\u7576\u7c3d\u8a02\u5de5\u4f5c\u5951\u7d04\u3001\u6bcf\u65e5\u5de5\u6642\u70ba\u516b\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u6bcf\u9031\u5de5\u4f5c\u516d\u5929\uff0c\u4e26\u505c\u6b62\u767c\u653e\u98df\u7269\u5238\u7b49\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7f77\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9010\u6f38\u8f49\u6210\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u5de5\u904b\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u8b70\u54e1\u8207\u793e\u6703\u9ee8\u53ca\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7d1b\u7d1b\u52a0\u5165\u300212\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5b98\u54e1\u53ca\u806f\u5408\u6c34\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u8077\u54e1\u7a31\u7576\u5730\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7f77\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u5171\u9ee8\u5a01\u8105\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5a01\u8105\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c07\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u6d3e\u9063\u6d77\u8ecd\u9678\u6230\u968a\u524d\u5f80\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e43\u6d3e\u5175\u524d\u5f80\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u537b\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u54e1\u50b7\u4ea1\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u53c8\u6d3e\u9063\u4e00\u652f\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5148\u9032\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u958b\u69cd\u93ae\u58d3\u6297\u8b70\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6975\u5927\u751f\u547d\u640d\u5931\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\u76f8\u7576\u6df7\u4e82\uff0c\u4f30\u8a08\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u5f9e\u516b\u767e\u5230\u4e09\u5343\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5a66\u5b7a\u4e5f\u906d\u6bba\u5bb3\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9999\u8549\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u300d\uff08Banana Massacre\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u7531\u6b64\u89c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u6216\u662f\u5308\u5974\u90e8\u843d\u6240\u767c\u52d5\u7684\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u578b\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e26\u7121\u592a\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5217\u570b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u70ba\u9867\u53ca\u5f37\u570b\u9593\u7684\u984f\u9762\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5fc5\u9808\u7dad\u6301\u5c0d\u300c\u570b\u969b\u516c\u6cd5\u300d\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\u660e\u9032\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u5f9e\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u660e\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u897f\u6b50\u5730\u5340\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u76f8\u5c0d\u8981\u665a\u3002\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u897f\u6b50\u52e2\u529b\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\u624d\u5c45\u65bc\u9818\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u897f\u6b50\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u660e\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u7d05\u9152\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u83dc\u3001\u4e73\u916a\u90fd\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u6642\u6bb5\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u958b\u767c\u3002\u98f2\u98df\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u751f\u7269\u651d\u53d6\u71df\u990a\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u751f\u547d\u53ca\u7a2e\u65cf\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u660e\u8207\u8499\u6627\u6700\u6613\u5340\u5225\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u8b1b\u7a76\u98f2\u98df\u5167\u5bb9\u3001\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5668\u5177\u53ca\u98f2\u98df\u79ae\u7bc0\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8a34\u6c42\u3002\u5f9e\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5c11\u6578\u8cb4\u65cf\u968e\u7d1a\u5148\u5275\u5236\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u8f03\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u968e\u7d1a\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u518d\u5411\u793e\u6703\u4e0b\u5c64\u9010\u6f38\u63a8\u5ee3\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u773e\u6587\u5316\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u968e\u7d1a\u9593\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u6a21\u4eff\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u5177\u5f37\u5236\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u9075\u5faa\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u6210\u70ba\u6649\u5347\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e0a\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8209\u6b62\u4fbf\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u9593\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u98f2\u98df\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u6559\u990a\u3001\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u9bae\u660e\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u50c5\u5305\u542b\u70f9\u8abf\u8207\u88fd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u9032\u9910\u6642\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u898f\u7bc4\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u5411\u4f86\u6709\u300c\u79ae\u4e0d\u4e0b\u5eb6\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u79ae\u7bc0\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u591a\u4ee5\u8cb4\u65cf\u793e\u6703\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u300a\u79ae\u8a18\uff0e\u66f2\u79ae\u300b\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u79ae\u7bc0\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u98ef\u524d\u7684\u79ae\u7bc0\uff1a\u300c\u4f8d\u98df\u65bc\u9577\u8005\uff0c\u4e3b\u4eba\u89aa\u994b\uff0c\u5247\u62dc\u800c\u98df\uff1b\u4e3b\u4eba\u4e0d\u89aa\u994b\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u62dc\u800c\u98df\u3002\u300d\u9032\u9910\u6642\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u6d41\u6b60\uff08\u88dd\u5f97\u592a\u6eff\uff09\u3001\u56fa\u7372\uff08\u5c08\u9580\u6311\u9078\u4e00\u6a23\u98df\u7269\uff09\u300d\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u6108\u8da8\u56b4\u5bc6\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u300c\u79ae\u7bc0\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u897f\u65b9\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u898f\u77e9\u8207\u79ae\u7bc0\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee5\u57c3\u91cc\u4e9e\u65af\uff08Norbert Elias\uff09\u70ba\u5148\u92d2\u3002\u57c3\u91cc\u4e9e\u65af\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5bae\u5ef7\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u79ae\u5100\u8207\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u6587\u5316\u300d\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u57c3\u91cc\u4e9e\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u5f9e\u5510\u4ee3\u7684\u300c\u71d2\u5c3e\u5bb4\u300d\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u8b49\u660e\u3002\u5510\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u8d77\uff0c\u65b0\u79d1\u9032\u58eb\u5fc5\u9808\u5171\u540c\u8a2d\u5bb4\uff0c\u9080\u8acb\u7687\u5e1d\u53c3\u52a0\u3002\u5bb4\u6703\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u79d1\u9032\u58eb\u5f97\u8981\u5148\u5b78\u7fd2\u5bae\u5ef7\u79ae\u7bc0\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u98df\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5931\u5100\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u71d2\u5c3e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u53d6\u7fa9\u81ea\u9bc9\u9b5a\u8e8d\u9f8d\u9580\u6642\uff0c\u5929\u964d\u5927\u706b\uff0c\u71d2\u53bb\u9b5a\u5c3e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5316\u8eab\u70ba\u9f8d\u3002\u5bb4\u6703\u6b63\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u5bae\u5ef7\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5834\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">1976\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u91cc\u4e9e\u65af\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u8ad6\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u300b\uff08<em>\u00dcber den Proze\u00df der Zivilisation<\/em>\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b78\u754c\u624d\u5c0d\u4e2d\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u5bae\u5ef7\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6587\u5316\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5982\u4f55\u5b78\u7fd2\u79ae\u7bc0\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u6709\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u518a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u518a\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u4fd7\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u8209\u6b62\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u300b\uff08<em>Wandlungen des Verhaltens in den weltlichen Oberschichten des Abendlandes<\/em>\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u5b50\u56e0\u70ba\u5411\u4e0a\u6500\u5347\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e43\u5b78\u7fd2\u7279\u5b9a\u8209\u6b62\u8207\u79ae\u7bc0\uff0c\u4ee5\u535a\u5f97\u4e0a\u5c64\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6b61\u5fc3\u3002\u7576\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u5982\u6b64\u505a\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5169\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u9ad4\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8981\u5f9e\u500b\u4eba\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c0\u5bdf\uff1b\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u61c9\u7576\u5f9e\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5165\u624b\u3002\u5169\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u7e54\uff0c\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u8655\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 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