{"id":4173,"date":"2022-09-05T17:27:50","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T09:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=4173"},"modified":"2022-09-05T17:27:50","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T09:27:50","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%9a%b4%e6%b0%91%e6%b3%95%e3%80%8b%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e5%81%bd%e8%a3%9d%e6%88%90%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=4173","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u66b4\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b\u2500\u2500\u507d\u88dd\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u5b78"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u5e03\u502b\u5357\uff08Jason Brennan\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7ffb\u8b6f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u9664\u4e86\u672c\u66f8\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u8005\u5373\u70ba\u300a\u53cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u5e38\u898b\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u66f8\u7c4d\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u6279\u5224\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u4e86\u526f\u6a19\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8457\u5be6\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u80fd\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u7a76\u7adf\u73fe\u884c\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u91cf\uff1f\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u6216\u300d\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u597d\u662f\u597d\uff0c\u5c0d\u662f\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u958b\u9580\u898b\u5c71\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u4eba\u6c11\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u61c9\u5f97\u5230\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u5176\u5206\u5225\u5b9a\u6027\u5169\u7a2e\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u8c41\u514d\u8ad6\uff08special immunity thesis\uff09\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u5e73\u7b49\u8ad6\uff08moral parity thesis\uff09\u3002\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u5728\u65bc\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5141\u8a31\u4eba\u6c11\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u800c\u5c0d\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u5be6\u65bd\u7279\u5b9a\uff08\u653b\u64ca\uff09\u884c\u70ba\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5834\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a55\u50f9\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f\u800c\u4f5c\u8005\u63a1\u53d6\u4ed6\u7a31\u4f5c\u9053\u5fb7\u5e73\u7b49\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u300c…\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u54e1\u884c\u70ba\u4e0d\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u9053\u5fb7\u7279\u6b0a\u3002\u300d\u4e26\u4e14\u5168\u66f8\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e5f\u5c07\u6703\u5728\u6b64\u8d77\u59cb\u8655\u8aaa\u660e\u8ad6\u9ede\u5373\u70ba\uff1a\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u507d\u88dd\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5e38\u8b58\u5927\u65bc\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff1f\u6c11\u7cb9\u5f0f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u672c\u66f8\u5167\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53cd\u6297\u570b\u5bb6\u6feb\u6b0a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8207\u5982\u540c\u516c\u6c11\u4e0d\u670d\u5f9e\u822c\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u984c\u6709\u6240\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5167\u6587\u4e2d\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u9ede\u540d\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u56e0\u6b64\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u6b0a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u56de\u61c9\u4e0d\u6b63\u7fa9\u3002\u300d\u800c\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\u4ee5\u8209\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6240\u7f6e\u63db\u8005\u5373\u70ba\u82e5\u4e0d\u7fa9\u884c\u70ba\u5be6\u65bd\u8005\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5176\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5373\u70ba\u9762\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u56de\u61c9\u4ee5\u300c\u9632\u79a6\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u2014\u53cd\u6297\uff08resistance\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u8a72\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u7a7f\u8457\u570b\u5bb6\u5236\u670d\u800c\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u6297\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u4e0d\u670d\u5f9e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a4d\u6975\u5730\u53cd\u64ca\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7834\u58de\u8ca1\u7522\u3001\u6b3a\u9a19\u751a\u81f3\u653b\u64ca\u8207\u6bba\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026\u5118\u7ba1\u8aaa\u8b0a\u3001\u985b\u8986\u3001\u50b7\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u6467\u6bc0\u7269\u54c1\u3001\u6bba\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u932f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e38\u8b58\u5141\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9069\u7576\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u800c\u505a\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u904e\u65bc\u6fc0\u9032\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\u4f4e\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4eab\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u514d\u65bc\u88ab\u81ea\u885b\u884c\u70ba\u6240\u50b7\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8c41\u514d\u6b0a\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u5047\u8a2d\u5168\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u6839\u64da\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u82b1\u4e86\u5169\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u8a66\u5716\u5e6b\u9019\u4e9b\u5047\u8a2d\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9019\u88e1\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u4f55\u8b02\u5e38\u8b58\uff1f\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u4f60\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\uff1f\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5167\u6587\u4e2d\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u300c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5e38\u8b58\u539f\u5247\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6b64\u539f\u5247\uff1f\u66fe\u7d93\u6f58\u6069\uff08Thomas Paine\uff09\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5c0f\u518a\u662f\u70ba\u547c\u7c72\u7f8e\u5229\u5805\u5730\u5340\u5c0d\u65bc\u82f1\u6b96\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6027\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u865f\u89d2\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u6c11\u7cb9\u7684\u547c\u8072\uff0c\u90a3\u672c\u518a\u5b50\u5c31\u7a31\u4f5c\u5e38\u8b58\uff08Common Sense\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5c07\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u672c\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8ad6\u8abf\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u7576\u4ee3\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u5340\u5225\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u8207\u7cbe\u82f1\uff09\u3001\u6cdb\u9053\u5fb7\u5316\uff08\u7cbe\u82f1\u662f\u8150\u6557\u7684\uff09\u3001\u5c07\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u8a34\u8af8\u65bc\u771f\u5be6\u4eba\u6c11\uff08\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u300a\u89e3\u8b80\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\u3001\u300aPenal Populism\u300b\u7b49\u66f8\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u5e38\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u8a34\u8af8\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u61f7\u7591\u7b26\u5408\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u66f4\u591a\u8ad6\u9ede\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u76f4\u89ba\u300d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u9580\u524d\u7684\u5147\u624b\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u8b93\u4eba\u9817\u70ba\u9a5a\u99ed\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u5b9a\u7136\u5f8b\u4ee4\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u61c9\u8aaa\u8b0a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5147\u624b\u5728\u9580\u524d\u8a62\u554f\u6bba\u5bb3\u5c0d\u8c61\u4f55\u5728\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u300c\u4e0d\u61c9\u300d\u8aaa\u8b0a\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u5982\u6b64\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u300e\u9580\u524d\u7684\u5147\u624b\u300f\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u4f8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0e\u51fa\u300e\u5c0d\u9580\u524d\u5147\u624b\u6492\u8b0a\u662f\u932f\u7684\u300f\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6703\u8aaa\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u641e\u932f\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u22ef\u22ef\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8ad6\u8b49\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u90fd\u9060\u9060\u4e0d\u5982\u300e\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u9580\u524d\u7684\u5147\u624b\u6492\u8b0a\u300f\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4e0d\u61c9\u8aaa\u8b0a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u70ba\u6e96\u5247\u662f\u5728\u5eb7\u5fb7\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6240\u63a8\u6f14\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u689d\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4f5c\u8005\u50c5\u64f7\u53d6\u9019\u500b\u7247\u6bb5\u518d\u7528\u5e38\u8b58\u4e88\u4ee5\u53cd\u99c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u7121\u8996\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6dfa\u8584\u7684\u53cd\u8ad6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u82e5\u5147\u624b\u767c\u73fe\u8aaa\u8b0a\u5c31\u6703\u6bba\u5bb3\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u6492\u8b0a\u5c31\u662f\u6b0a\u5229\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u8aaa\u8b0a\u963b\u6b62\u5147\u624b\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6bba\u6b7b\u5147\u624b\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bba\u6b7b\u5147\u624b\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5169\u8005\u6210\u529f\u7387\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4e0d\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u50b7\u5bb3\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u300d\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u6709\u7121\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u6709\u7121\u98a8\u96aa\u5f8c\u679c\u55ce\uff1f\u751a\u81f3\u82e5\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5229\u751a\u81f3\u7fa9\u52d9\u53bb\u5982\u6b64\u4f5c\u70ba\uff08\u6bba\u5bb3\uff09\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u4e09\u9ede\u9700\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u9053\u5fb7\u5e38\u8b58\u4ee5\u99c1\u65a5\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7528\u65bc\u8a0e\u8ad6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u516c\u6c11\u4e0d\u670d\u5f9e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u8ff0\u8aaa\u5373\u70ba\uff1a\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u4ee5\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u5b78\u65b9\u5f0f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4e26\u507d\u88dd\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8ad6\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8ab0\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\uff1f\u56de\u9867\u6d1b\u514b\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u9867\u616e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5f9e\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5df2\u6eff\u8db3\u3002\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u5340\u5225\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u614b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u65bc\u6b64\u7576\u4e0d\u53ef\u50c5\u56e0\u5206\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\u8207\u4eba\u6c11\u5c31\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u8207\u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d\u689d\u4ef6\u61c9\u8a72\u4f75\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u547c\u7c72\u7684\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u5e73\u7b49\u8ad6\u300d\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u964d\u4f4e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u547c\u7c72\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5426\u8a8d\u652f\u6301\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u8ad6\u9ede\u6bcb\u5be7\u662f\u53cd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u53cd\u6d1b\u514b\u5f0f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u7406\u89e3\u5230\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\uff08state\uff0c\u6216\u7a31\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\uff09\u8207\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u300d\uff08government\uff09\u662f\u5341\u5206\u665a\u8fd1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u665a\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5305\u62ec\u5e03\u4e39\uff08Jean Bodin\uff09\u3001\u99ac\u57fa\u7dad\u5229\u3001\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u89c0\u5ff5\u5373\u70ba\uff1a\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e14\u4ee5\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5177\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u7406\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u800c\u6d1b\u514b\uff08John Locke\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u6b0a\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u61f2\u7f70\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b0a\u4e4b\u6536\u650f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u58df\u65b7\u4e5f\u5f97\u898b\u65bc\u97cb\u4f2f\uff08Max Weber\uff09\u5c0d\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6027\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u652f\u914d\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u57df\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u85c9\u7531\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u5e79\u90e8\u61c9\u7528\u53ca\u5a01\u8105\u4f7f\u7528\u300e\u66b4\u529b\u300f\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u53ef\u7a31\u4f5c\u300e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7d44\u7e54\u300f\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u300e\u7d93\u71df\u6a5f\u69cb\u300f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u800c\u4e14\u552f\u6709\u7576\u6b64\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5e79\u90e8\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5ba3\u7a31\uff1a\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u70ba\u4e86\u65bd\u884c\u79e9\u5e8f\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u300e\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u300f\u6709\u7368\u5360\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5247\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300e\u570b\u5bb6\u300f\u3002\u300d\uff08 \u9867\u5fe0\u83ef\u8b6f \uff0c2016\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u980194\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u56de\u5230\u6d1b\u514b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u6558\u8ff0\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u7684\u8a02\u7acb\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u500b\u4eba\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u611a\u6627\u3001\u504f\u898b\uff09\u800c\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\/\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u4e14\u7121\u516c\u8a8d\u88c1\u5224\u8005\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u7136\u5168\u7121\u5f9e\u7372\u5f97\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u7684\u8a02\u7acb\u5373\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u70ba\u64da\u4e14\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u843d\u5be6\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u82e5\u5404\u4eba\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u8a00\u8a00\u6b8a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f92\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5373\u662f\u5c07\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff08\u800c\u975e\u8a6e\u91cb\uff09\u4ea4\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u300c\u8ab0\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\uff1f\u300d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5340\u5225\u3002\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u6d1b\u514b\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u8ad6\u9ede\u50c5\u4ee5\u300c\u79c1\u5211\u6b63\u7fa9\u300d\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6d1b\u514b\u4ee5\u795e\u5b78\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b0a\u89c0\u5ff5\u6240\u884d\u4f38\u51fa\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u6b0a\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u537b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u300c\u22ef\u22ef\u300e\u9632\u79a6\u6027\u6bba\u4eba\u300f\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u539f\u5247\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff1a\u7576\u67d0\u500b\u4eba\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300e\u9632\u885b\u8005\u300f\u6216\u300e\u52a0\u5bb3\u8005\u300f\uff09\u4e26\u672a\u4e3b\u52d5\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5408\u7406\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u4ed6\u4eba\u9762\u81e8\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300e\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u300f\u7684\u6025\u8feb\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u906d\u53d7\u56b4\u91cd\u50b7\u5bb3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u6bba\u6b7b\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u64fa\u812b\u5a01\u8105\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bba\u6b7b\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u540c\u610f\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5247\u3002\u4f46\u539f\u5247\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u53ef\u4f9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\uff09\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5408\u7406\u76f8\u4fe1\u300d\u4ea4\u7531\u4f55\u4eba\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\uff1f\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u4ee5\u300c\u5e38\u8b58\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e38\u8b58\u662f\u5426\u5c07\u56de\u6b78\u5230\u6d1b\u514b\u524d\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u2014\u5e38\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u6b67\u7570\u7406\u89e3\u9032\u800c\u9020\u6210\u5224\u65b7\u6df7\u4e82\u800c\u7121\u5e8f\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9019\u88e1\u5c07\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5e38\u8b58\u662f\u9069\u7576\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u9053\u5fb7\u865b\u7121\u4e3b\u7fa9…\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8a31\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u8207\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6709\u6240\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5076\u7136\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u516c\u4e0d\u7fa9\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b…\u7576\u7136\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u6c11\u901a\u5e38\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u6211\u5c0d\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6beb\u7121\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u885d\u7a81\u3002…\u300d\u5c07\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u5340\u5206\u662f\u6cd5\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08legal positivism\uff09\u7684\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u662f\u6316\u7a7a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u5177\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c0d\u5176\u800c\u8a00\u53ea\u662f\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u773e\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u6cd5\u5b98\u5c0d\u65bc\u60e1\u6cd5\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f2\u89e3\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u53c8\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u51fa\u73fe\uff1a\u8ab0\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u60e1\u6cd5\uff1f\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7684\u6771\u897f\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u9019\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u76f4\u89ba\u6027\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u8ad6\u65b7\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u6216\u8a31\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u6301\u4ee5\u5224\u5b9a\u60e1\u6cd5\u8207\u5426\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u8b58\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ea6\u6703\u4ee5\u300c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u8ad6\u64da\uff0c\u300c\u22ef\u22ef\uff08\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5177\u5099\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u300e\u8eab\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u300f\u800c\u5df2\uff09\u300d\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u83c1\u82f1\u5f0f\u7684\u8ad6\u8abf\u7121\u975e\u5c31\u50cf\u638c\u63e1\u771f\u7406\u6b0a\u67c4\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u54f2\u738b\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u5439\u7b1b\u4eba\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7d2e\u4e86\u8349\u4eba\u53c8\u5077\u63db\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u7121\u6b0a\u4f5c\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u7121\u7fa9\u52d9\u670d\u5f9e\u3002\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u6cdb\u9053\u5fb7\u5316\uff0c\u300c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u8207\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5c6c\u6027\u300d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b64\u4e8c\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f5c\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u5c6c\u6027\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u8005\u4f11\u9ed8\uff08Michael Huemer\uff09\u8207\u675c\u6ce2\u65af\uff08Ned Dobos\uff09\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6642\u7686\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u7fa9\u52d9\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5c07\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u8207\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9a\u6027\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u500b\u4f8b\u3002\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5373\u70ba\u524d\u8ff0\u6c11\u7cb9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u6cdb\u9053\u5fb7\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5426\u4ee4\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u5426\u5b9a\u653f\u5e9c\u5177\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u70ba\u4e86\u8b49\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u800c\u9000\u4e00\u6b65\u7a31\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6b63\u540d\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u4e0d\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\uff08\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u5f97\u6b3a\u779e\u3001\u653b\u64ca\u3001\u50b7\u5bb3\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u3002\u554f\u984c\u540c\u6a23\u518d\u5ea6\u56de\u5230\u6d1b\u514b\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u9867\u616e\uff1a\u8ab0\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\uff1f\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u8ab0\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u4f55\u8b02\u4e0d\u6b63\u7fa9\uff1f\u8ab0\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u4e0d\u6b63\u7fa9\u56b4\u91cd\u8207\u5426\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u3001\u8655\u7406\u8a72\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u5229\u7dad\u5766\u300b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u4fc2\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7d93\u6b77\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6230\u722d\u5c0d\u65bc\u6230\u4e82\u7684\u6050\u614c\u9032\u800c\u5f62\u5851\u6210\u70ba\u5c0d\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u63d0\u51fa\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u540c\u610f\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u8a8d\u6709\u7121\u540c\u610f\u624d\u70ba\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e26\u7a31\u82e5\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u56fa\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u8ad6\u8b49\u51fa\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u540c\u610f\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u4ee5\u540c\u610f\u4f86\u8faf\u8b77\u7279\u6b8a\u8c41\u514d\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u4f5c\u8005\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u662f\u7d2e\u8349\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u601d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e26\u975e\u8981\u8faf\u8b77\u300c\u7279\u6b8a\u8c41\u514d\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u8b49\u6210\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u8c41\u514d\u8ad6\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u5275\u8a2d\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u537b\u300c\u5047\u8a2d\u300d\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u6b64\u800c\u8faf\u8b77\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u5f4c\u723e\u6240\u8aaa\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u7684\u9b54\u9b3c\u8faf\u8b77\u4eba\uff08\u8a2d\u60f3\u51fa\u53cd\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9ede\u4ee5\u6fc0\u76ea\u51fa\u771f\u7406\uff09\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u800c\u6240\u7528\u300c\u8c41\u514d\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u4e5f\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\uff08\u5047\u8a2d\uff09\u6211\u5011\u540c\u610f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u537b\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u6b77\u4f86\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u5728\u8aaa\u660e\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u4f55\u5728\uff0c\u5f9e\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u5229\u7dad\u5766\u5230\u76e7\u68ad\u7684\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u300b\u4e4b\u9593\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8005\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8aaa\u660e\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u70ba\u4f55\u80fd\u6b63\u7576\u5730\u7d71\u6cbb\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u300c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff08legitimacy\uff09\u300d\u4e26\u975e\u4f9d\u5faa\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\uff08Carl Friedrich\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u7d71\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u5e9c\u578b\u614b\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u500b\u4eba\uff09\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5927\u591a\u6578\u670d\u5f9e\u8005\uff08\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u6578\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u76f8\u4fe1\uff08\u5c0d\u65bc\u670d\u5f9e\u8005\u610f\u898b\u8207\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff09\u5960\u57fa\u5728\u597d\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff08\u7d71\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u7406\u7531\u4e14\u56e0\u8207\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u5bb9\u800c\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u795e\u8056\u7684\u5bb6\u7cfb\uff08\u65e5\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u795e\u6b0a\u3002\uff08Peter G. Stillman, The Concept of Legitimacy, 7 POL. \u00a032\uff0c32(1974).\uff09\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5df2\u70ba\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\uff08Carl Schmitt\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u5584\u60e1\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u7f8e\u919c\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u76c8\u8667\u7684\u300c\u670b\u53cb\u8207\u6575\u4eba\u4e4b\u5283\u5206\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u8b2c\u8aa4\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u8ff0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5077\u63db\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u300c\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u8981\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u5f85\u7121\u5fc3\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u8005\u3001\u7121\u8f9c\u7684\u8def\u4eba\u6216\u8089\u76fe\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u822c\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u5c31\u7d66\u4e88\u7279\u6b8a\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4fdd\u885b\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e73\u6c11\u6240\u50b7\u6642\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u5957\u7528\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e0a\u3002\u300d\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u65e2\u7136\u4f5c\u8005\u8981\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e0d\u7fa9\u884c\u70ba\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u4e0d\u8a72\u4ee5\u7121\u8f9c\u7684\u8def\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u6bd4\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u6642\u4e5f\u4ee5\u62f3\u64ca\u6bd4\u8cfd\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u7a31\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u51fa\u62f3\u6709\u6b63\u7576\u6027\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u4eba\uff09\u4f46\u7121\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\uff08\u5225\u4eba\u6c92\u7fa9\u52d9\u7ad9\u8457\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u6253\u6d3b\u8a72\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u554f\u984c\u8a72\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u4e26\u975e\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u7ad9\u8457\u88ab\u6253\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53c3\u8cfd\u8005\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u670d\u5f9e\u6bd4\u8cfd\u898f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9019\u7a2e\u8a34\u8af8\u76f4\u89ba\u537b\u5ffd\u8996\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6700\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u8ad6\u9ede\u9015\u81ea\u63a8\u5c0e\u81f3\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u6b63\u7576\u9632\u885b\uff0c\u300c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u6027\u5371\u6a5f\u689d\u6b3e\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u7b49\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u79d2\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u81ea\u885b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u88ab\u7d81\u67b6\u4e86\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8db3\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\u7d81\u532a\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u516d\u5929\u5c31\u6703\u6bba\u4e86\u4f60\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u81f4\u547d\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u7b2c\u516d\u5929\u4ed6\u62ff\u5200\u6e96\u5099\u5272\u4f60\u5589\u56a8\u7684\u6642\u5019\u624d\u53cd\u64ca\u3002\u300d\u9019\u7b26\u5408\u5eb6\u6c11\u6b63\u7fa9\u89c0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5225\u4eba\u4e0d\u5148\u505a\u58de\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u9032\u800c\u6bba\u5bb3\u4ed6\u3002\u4f46\u6bd4\u4f8b\u539f\u5247\u5373\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u6587\u660e\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u6027\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u679c\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u6240\u4ee5\uff09\u6240\u8a2d\u4e0b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6bba\u6389\u7d81\u532a\u5c31\u7c21\u55ae\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ce\uff1f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f5c\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u98a8\u96aa\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7d81\u532a\u7d81\u67b6\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u627f\u64d4\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u8ab0\u4f86\u5224\u65b7\u4f55\u6642\u662f\u300c\u8db3\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\u300d\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8ff4\u529b\u93e2\u5f0f\u7684\u53cd\u7701<\/strong><\/p>\n

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