{"id":4092,"date":"2022-05-18T12:08:51","date_gmt":"2022-05-18T04:08:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=4092"},"modified":"2022-05-18T12:08:51","modified_gmt":"2022-05-18T04:08:51","slug":"%e5%8a%a0%e7%99%be%e5%88%97%ef%bc%8e%e9%a6%ac%e8%b3%bd%e7%88%be%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%e5%88%9d%e6%8e%a2%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%a5%e6%84%9b%e5%91%bc%e5%96%9a%e4%b8%8d%e6%ad%bb%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=4092","title":{"rendered":"\u52a0\u767e\u5217\uff0e\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u601d\u60f3\u521d\u63a2\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff1a\u4ee5\u611b\u547c\u559a\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u54f2\u5b78"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u52a0\u767e\u5217\uff0e\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\uff08Gabriel Marcel\uff0c1889\u20131973\uff09\u662f\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002\u6c99\u7279\uff08Jean-Paul Sartre\uff09\u5728\u5176\u8457\u540d\u6587\u7ae0\u3008\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3009\uff08L’existentialisme est un humanisme\uff0c1946\uff09\u4e2d\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\uff08Martin Heidegger\uff09\u4e26\u5217\u70ba\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u548c\u96c5\u65af\u57f9\uff08Karl Jaspers\uff09\u7a31\u70ba\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\uff08\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5f8c\u4e16\u8ac7\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u90fd\u6703\u63d0\u8d77\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u4ea6\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6cd5\u570b\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5148\u9a45\u3002\u65bd\u76ae\u683c\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Herbert Spiegelberg\uff09\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8457\u300a\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u904b\u52d5\u300b\uff08The Phenomenological Movement: A Historical Introduction<\/em>\uff0c1960\uff09\u4e2d\u8ad6\u53ca\u6cd5\u570b\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\uff0c\u5c31\u5c07\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5217\u65bc\u699c\u9996\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u624d\u662f\u6c99\u7279\u3001\u6885\u6d1b\u00ad\u2014\u9f90\u8482\uff08Maurice Merleau-Ponty\uff09\u8207\u5442\u683c\u723e\uff08Paul Recoeur\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u81ea1936\u8d77\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u62db\u805a\u8a31\u591a\u6211\u5011\u719f\u6089\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u300d\u805a\u6703\u4e2d\u5404\u8868\u5df1\u898b\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u6fc0\u767c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u897f\u8499\uff0e\u6ce2\u5a03\uff08Simone de Beauvoir\uff09\u8207\u5217\u7dad\u7d0d\u65af\uff08Emmanuel Levinas\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u4ff1\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u5074\u9762\u53ef\u898b\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u8207\u6b64\u6df5\u6e90\u751a\u6df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u81ea\u5c0f\u5e38\u5e38\u601d\u8003\u751f\u6b7b\u5967\u79d8\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u56db\u5341\u76db\u5e74\u7688\u4f9d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u6309\u5176\u81ea\u8ff0\uff0c\u66f4\u66fe\u6709\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7570\u6a23\u7684\u51fa\u795e\uff08entrans\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\u8207\u901a\u9748\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7a2e\u7a2e\u90fd\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u795e\u79d8\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5c24\u70ba\u5f37\u8abf\u611b\u3001\u5149\u3001\u9ed8\u60f3\u3001\u76f4\u89c0\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65bc\u7576\u4ee3\u6cd5\u570b\u582a\u8b02\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5f0f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u80e1\u585e\u723e\uff08Edmund Husserl\uff09\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0b\u4f5c\u70ba\u56b4\u683c\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u660e\u8b49\uff08evidenz<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5012\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f\u985e\u8fd1\u96c5\u65af\u57f9\u90a3\u6a23\u96c6\u4e2d\u95dc\u6ce8\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u539f\u5148\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u88e1\u88ab\u300c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5916\u300d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u8207\u4ed6\u8005\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7387\u5148\u7d0d\u5165\u4e86\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u8207\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u70ba\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u66f4\u9bae\u6d3b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u4ea6\u662f\u7576\u4eca\u6211\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u751a\u6df1\u7684\u5217\u7dad\u7d0d\u65af\u3001\u6885\u6d1b\u2014\u9f90\u8482\u8207\u5442\u683c\u723e\u7b49\u540d\u5bb6\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7e5e\u904e\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u9ad8\u5c71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u78ba\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u9019\u4e9b\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u83ef\u6587\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u9bae\u5c11\u770b\u898b\u6709\u95dc\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u8b6f\u4ecb\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u88e1\uff0c\u9678\u9054\u8aa0\u795e\u7236\u65bc1992\u5e74\u5beb\u5c31\u7684\u300a\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u8d77\u4e86\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9a5a\u559c\u5730\u7559\u610f\u5230\u9678\u795e\u7236\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u95dc\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c08\u66f8\u300a\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u5149\u74b0\uff1a\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u601d\u60f3\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u5fc3\u9748\u5de5\u574a\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2021\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u6574\u5408\u65b0\u820a\u8b6f\u7b46\uff0c\u63a5\u9023\u51fa\u7248\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u9245\u4f5c\u300a\u5f62\u4e0a\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\uff08Journal m\u00e9taphysique<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518a\u300a\u662f\u8207\u6709\u300b\uff08\u00catre et Avoir<\/em>\uff0c1935\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u518a\u300a\u81e8\u5728\u8207\u4e0d\u6b7b\u300b\uff08Pr\u00e9sence et Immortalit\u00e9<\/em>\uff0c1959\uff09\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u66f4\u9644\u9304\u6709\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u8ad6\u6587\u8207\u5287\u672c\uff08\u64da\u8aaa\u300a\u5f62\u4e0a\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518a\u4ea6\u6b63\u5f85\u51fa\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u65bc\u5728\u83ef\u6587\u4eba\u6587\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u8b6f\u4ecb\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u601d\u60f3\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5be6\u5c6c\u53ef\u559c\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c07\u627f\u5176\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u88e1\u5f9e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u8207\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u7c21\u55ae\u4ecb\u7d39\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u53ca\u5f8c\u4e00\u7bc7\u88e1\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u601d\u60f3\u653e\u8af8\u7576\u4e0b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8cea\u7591\u8207\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u82e5\u5f9e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5c07\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u653e\u6b78\u5f9e\u5fb7\u570b\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e00\u8def\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5c07\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5c0d\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\uff08\u76f8\u985e\u65bc\u4f5b\u5bb6\u300a\u7bad\u55bb\u7d93\u300b\u5f0f\u7684\uff09\u6279\u5224\u2500\u2500\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u4ed4\u7d30\u8b80\u5230\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7136\u5efa\u7acb\u9817\u70ba\u6210\u719f\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u95dc\u6ce8\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8da8\u8fd1\u5f62\u4e0a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8b49\u4fee\u6cd5\u9580\uff0c\u6bd4\u95dc\u6ce8\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u66f4\u70ba\u9996\u8981\u3002\u9019\u89c0\u9ede\u5fc5\u9808\u653e\u56de\u5176\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c99\u7279\u9996\u7576\u5176\u885d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u6f6e\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7336\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u88ab\u62cb\u64f2\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u5148\u65bc\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u4e2d\u76e1\u662f\u611f\u5230\u758f\u96e2\u3001\u865b\u7121\u3001\u8352\u8b2c\u8207\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u65bc\u8eab\u5fc3\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u5883\u6cc1\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7d93\u6b77\u5230\u5927\u6230\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u770b\u76e1\u8a31\u591a\u7121\u8f9c\u55aa\u751f\u8005\u548c\u5016\u5b58\u8005\u54c0\u50b7\u7684\u81c9\u5bb9\uff0c\u99ac\u723e\u8cfd\u65bc\u662f\u4e00\u6539\u672c\u4f86\u91cd\u8996\u7d14\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u91cd\u8996\u5177\u9ad4\u5b58\u6709\uff08onta<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u53cd\u601d\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6108\u89ba\u5074\u8eab\u5728\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u5371\u96aa\u6027\u7684\u8655\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u6108\u6703\u611f\u5230\u672c\u9ad4\u9700\u8981\u4e4b\u52a0\u5f37\u8207\u52a0\u6df1\u3002\u300d\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u53c8\u6709\u300c\u8d85\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u300d\uff08hyperph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie<\/em>\uff0c\u6216\u8b6f\u300c\u5f8c\u8a2d\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5340\u5225\u65bc\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u3014transcendental philosophy\u3015\uff09\u4e4b\u7a31\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u53cd\u7701\u5f9e\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u7701\u300d\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\uff08Ren\u00e9 Descartes\uff09\u2014\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u5f0f\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\uff0c\u8d8a\u5347\u6210\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53cd\u7701\u300d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u2500\u2500\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9678\u795e\u7236\u4ea6\u66fe\u5a49\u8f49\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53cd\u7701\u300d\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6392\u65a5\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8faf\uff0c\u800c\u5f37\u8abf\u5f9e\u76f8\u8f03\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u81e8\u5728\u89c0\u9ede\u653b\u8a10\u53c8\u540c\u6642\u4fee\u5fa9\u524d\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5f9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8108\u7d61\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u4ea6\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c07\u9130\u4eba\u770b\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u895f\u61f7\u70ba\u5df1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u611b\u9130\u5982\u5df1\u70ba\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3002\u5728\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u8005\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u4e26\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u524a\u6e1b\u6216\u300c\u6b0a\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u300d\u5f0f\u7684\u722d\u596a\u3001\u541e\u6ec5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7576\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u89f8\u78b0\u5230\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u4e0d\u8db3\u9081\u5411\u5b8c\u6eff\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u611b\uff1a\u300c\u611b\u74b0\u7e5e\u7740\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u5225\u4eba\u7684\uff1a\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300e\u4f60\u300f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u300d\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c99\u7279\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u5373\u5730\u7344\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u5176\u904e\u65bc\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\u5730\u5c07\u81ea\u8eab\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u90fd\u7576\u6210\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u5247\u81ea\u7136\u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u5145\u6eff\u6575\u610f\u7684\u51dd\u8996\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5247\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u4f60\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u512a\u5148\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u610f\u8b58\u76f8\u4ea4\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u65e2\u975e\u50c5\u50c5\u5c01\u9589\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea6\u975e\u6211\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u300c\u67d0\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u300c\u4f60\u300d\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5617\u8a66\u60f3\u50cf\u9080\u8acb\u90a3\u5177\u9ad4\u53ef\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u53ef\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u300c\u4f60\u300d\u7684\u81e8\u5728\uff0c\u4f86\u4ee3\u66ff\u62bd\u8c61\u6b78\u7d0d\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u300c\u4ed6\u300d\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u5834\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u907f\u514d\u7269\u5316\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u4eba\u8207\u795e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ed6\u4f01\u5716\u4ee5\u300c\u5c6c\u9748\u7684\u300d\u4ec1\u611b\u548c\u5fe0\u4fe1\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u300c\u5c6c\u8840\u6c23\u7684\u300d\u8ad6\u65b7\u8207\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u7aed\u529b\u5c07\u4e3b\u89c0\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\uff0c\u5247\u4ed6\u8005\u5c31\u88ab\u5f97\u4ee5\u610f\u8b58\u4f5c\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u7d66\u4e88\u6211\u81e8\u5728\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u2500\u2500\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u9678\u795e\u7236\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u66f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u4f86\u6307\u7a31\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u90a3\u7a2e\u903e\u8d8a\u5df1\u8eab\u3001\u95dc\u6ce8\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u7d50\u5408\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u65bc\u7109\u53ef\u8aaa\u6b78\u5411\u4e86\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5f9e\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u7d55\u5c0d\u76fc\u671b\u4f5c\u70ba\u61c9\u7b54\u7684\u3001\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u3002\u5728\u300c\u9ed1\u6697\u6642\u4ee3\u300d\uff08dark times\uff09\u88e1\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u69ae\u5149\u7684\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e4b\u4f60\u300d\uff08The Absolut Thou\uff09\u56e0\u800c\u81e8\u5728\u3002\u6545\u6b64\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4ea6\u5373\u5f9e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5207\u5207\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u7740\u5be6\u73fe\u611b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u2500\u2500\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e4b\u4f60\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4f60\uff08\u7962\uff09\u8207\u6211\u540c\u5728\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9019\u7a2e\u57fa\u7763\u5b97\u6559\u5f0f\u4eba\u502b\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u5177\u6709\u5f62\u4e0a\u806f\u7e6b\u4e4b\u535a\u611b\u60c5\u8abc\uff08fraternit\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\u300d\u3002\u7136\u5247\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5f9e\u500b\u5225\u5316\u5165\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u6b63\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u662f\u7531\u6bcf\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u6240\u5851\u9020\u4e4b\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ed6\u7aed\u529b\u5c0b\u6c42\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u9593\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u548c\u97f3\uff08consonances\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u8a6e\u91cb\u6210\u7576\u4eca\u5927\u516c\u6559\u6703\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u591a\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u300d\uff08unity in diversity\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u63d0\u51fa\u662f\u8207\u6709\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u611b\u8207\u6b32\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u4f54\u6709\u67d0\u7269\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u8840\u6c23\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u611b\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5f9e\u6709\u63d0\u5347\u70ba\u662f\uff0c\u653e\u4e0b\u65bc\u4e16\u9593\u7269\u4e8b\u7684\u57f7\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u6703\u5f97\u7740\u5f62\u4e0a\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u3002\u5f9e\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u5230\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5275\u4f5c\u8ad6\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u90fd\u5728\u5728\u5f37\u8abf\u7740\u6211\u5011\u64fa\u812b\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u5373\u5730\u7344\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7a7a\uff08Kenosis\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5982\u8036\u7a4c\u4ea6\u662f\u53cd\u5012\u865b\u5df1\uff0c\u53d6\u4e86\u5974\u50d5\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u9593\u7121\u6240\u4f54\u6709\u6545\u4e5f\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u7919\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5c08\u5fc3\u5730\u5be6\u8e10\u611b\u5fb7\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u5316\u88e1\u5e38\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u8b19\u905c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7531\u662f\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u500b\u5225\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u9032\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u6c90\u6d74\u65bc\u5927\u5b58\u6709\uff08l\u2019\u00catre<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u5149\u660e\u88e1\u3002\u6309\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u665a\u5e74\u81ea\u50b3\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u9053\u5149\u4e2d\u6240\u770b\u898b\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u81c9\u5bb9\uff08le visage<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5145\u6eff\u611b\u7684\u6ce8\u8996\uff0c\u662f\u6c38\u6046\u800c\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u5967\u79d8\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u81e8\u5728\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u6163\u65bc\u5c07\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\uff08transcendenz<\/em>\uff09\u8207\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u7d71\u7d71\u61f8\u7f6e\uff08epoch\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5b58\u800c\u4e0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u80fd\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5c0d\u5149\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5c0b\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u5408\u7406\u5c0d\u7167\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7a31\u5145\u6eff\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u9858\u610f\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u4ea4\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u70ba\u5e0c\u671b\u4e4b\u5149\uff0c\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e86\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u6240\u8b02\u610f\u5411\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u6027\uff08autuality\uff09\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u5149\u57df\u6bd4\u55bb\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u65bc\u6b64\u6709\u7684\u958b\u986f\uff08Aletheia\uff09\uff1b\u6bcf\u500b\u500b\u5225\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u6709\u9650\u5149\u8292\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6daf\u969b\uff08horizon\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u5411\u4e26\u6d41\u6ea2\uff08influx\uff09\u5f80\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6daf\u969b\u7684\u62d3\u95ca\uff1b\u5b58\u6709\u4e4b\u9593\u5404\u81ea\u6daf\u969b\u7684\u5149\u8207\u5149\u7684\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5929\u570b\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u800c\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u610f\u8b58\u62b5\u53ca\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u6027\uff08potentiality\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5176\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7d55\u671b\uff1b\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u5927\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u69ae\u5149\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u95dc\u7121\u6daf\u969b\u6027\uff08horizonlessness\uff09\u554f\u984c\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u61c9\u7b54\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9678\u795e\u7236\u5728\u300a\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u300b\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u300e\u6211\u300f\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u300e\u6211\u300f\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300e\u6211\u5011\u300f\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\u72c0\u614b\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u6070\u597d\u8f14\u8b49\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5442\u683c\u723e\u751a\u81f3\u7a31\u8b7d\u9019\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u300c\u5149\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u95dc\u65bc\u5149\u7684\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u4ea6\u5c07\u8cab\u7a7f\u53ca\u5f8c\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5411\u6211\u5011\u958b\u986f\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5728\u611b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u65bc\u662f\u5c31\u80fd\u9ad4\u6703\u300c\u4f60\u300d\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u81e8\u5728\u2500\u2500\u56e0\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u611b\u65e9\u5df2\u514b\u52dd\u4e86\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5287\u672c\u300a\u660e\u65e5\u4e4b\u4ea1\u8005\u300b\uff08Le mort de demain<\/em>\uff0c1931\uff09\u4e2d\u6709\u53e5\uff1a\u300c\u611b\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u4f60\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u6b7b\uff01\u300d\u4e0d\u6b7b\uff08immortalit\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\u65bc\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5b58\u6709\u5728\u611b\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7121\u4e0a\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u8981\u6c42\uff08l\u2019exigence<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u9127\u5143\u5c09\u6559\u6388\u5728\u3008\u7948\u9047\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u6240\u63d0\u8209\u7684\u4e0d\u6b7b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7d66\u51fa\u65bc\u73fe\u4e16\u6df1\u5177\u7a4d\u6975\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff1a\u300c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u5be6\u4e43\u5bc4\u8a17\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bc4\u8a17\u65bc\u61f7\u62b1\u6b64\u4e00\u671f\u5f85\u8005\u3002 \u3014\u22ef\u22ef\u3015\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u5148\u8d70\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u96e2\u53bb\uff1b\u53cd\u5012\u662f\u770b\u4f3c\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u7740\u505c\u7559\u5728\u904e\u5f80\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u6642\u5149\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u8207\u4ea1\u8005\u5f9e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u4fbf\u958b\u5c55\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5171\u5b58\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u628a\u4ea1\u8005\u56fa\u7740\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u3002\u300d\u6309\u9019\u6a23\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u6b7b\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u8207\u9102\u862d\uff08Hannah Arendt\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u751f\u300d\uff08natality\uff09\u751a\u70ba\u76f8\u8fd1\u3002\u800c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u7528\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u5b57\u773c\uff1a\u6cd5\u6587\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u6b7b\u300d\uff08immortalit\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9102\u862d\u7406\u89e3\u65b0\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u88e1\u7684\u4e8b\u8e5f\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u300c\u4e0d\u673d\u300d \uff08immortality\uff09\u3002\u5b58\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u5011\u85c9\u7531\u8a18\u61b6\u547c\u559a\u5f4c\u8cfd\u4e9e\u7684\u81e8\u5728\uff0c\u770b\u51fa\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u8207\u5c07\u4f86\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u6df1\u9083\u800c\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u70ba\u6b64\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u63d0\u4f9b\u76fc\u671b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u5927\u6982\u6703\u5f88\u6297\u62d2\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u9019\u7a2e\u5c31\u7740\u5f4c\u8cfd\u4e9e\u6642\u9593\uff08messianic time\uff09\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\u3002\u5728\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5c6c\u9748\u9ed8\u60f3\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u51dd\u6b5b\uff08Recueillement\uff09\u6700\u70ba\u9996\u8981\uff0c\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u5728\u5b64\u7368\u4e2d\u7948\u79b1\u7684\u8056\u8005\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u300e\u6211\u5011\u300f\u300d\u2500\u2500\u9f4a\u5967\u6717\uff08Emil Cioran\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u6e96\u78ba\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u544a\u767d\u4f7f\u5176\u6b78\u5165\u9f4a\u514b\u679c\uff08S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard\uff09\u7fd2\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u79c1\u4eba\u6c89\u601d\u8005\u300d\uff08penseur priv\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u9102\u862d\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u5f37\u8abf\u5b64\u5bc2\uff08solidarity\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u5be6\u8e10\u300c\u4e0d\u673d\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff08praxis\uff09\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b93\u6b64\u6709\u6210\u70ba\u904e\u53bb\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u5f4c\u8cfd\u4e9e\uff0c\u800c\u65b7\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d41\u65bc\u9ed8\u60f3\u751f\u6d3b\uff08vita contemplativa<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5c0d\u65bc\u73fe\u4e16\u884c\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ee5\u72a7\u7272\u4e4b\u540d\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u7e3d\u662f\u62b1\u6709\u7591\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5b58\u6709\u85c9\u7531\u72a7\u7272\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u795d\u8056\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f77\u5f7f\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u3002\u5c31\u7740\u9ed8\u60f3\u8207\u884c\u52d5\u3001\u72a7\u7272\u8207\u62ef\u6551\u7b49\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u518d\u7d30\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8a71\u8aaa\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6c99\u7279\u5c07\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5217\u4f5c\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5c31\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u60f3\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08existentialiste<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u7a31\u547c\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u5176\u61c9\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5b58\u6709\u5316\uff08existentielle<\/em>\uff09\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u9019\u5169\u8005\u5206\u5225\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5b58\u6709\u5316\u54f2\u5b78\u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5148\u7f6e\u65bc\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u4f3c\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u8655\u8655\u5f37\u8abf\u4ee5\u7701\u601d\u4eba\u6027\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7576\u4e0b\u5e73\u9762\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b9\u6cd5\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u4eba\u771f\u5be6\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2500\u2500\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u6163\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u73fe\u5149\u7167\u3002\u56db\u6b72\u55aa\u6bcd\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u6230\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6158\u75db\u885d\u64ca\uff0c\u8b93\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5e38\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u76f4\u9762\u81ea\u8eab\u6c89\u75db\u800c\u6e5b\u6df1\u7684\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u7d93\u9a57\u300d\uff08exp\u00e9rience existentielle<\/em>\uff09\u2500\u2500\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5982\u6b64\u5f37\u8abf\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6709\u8840\u6709\u8089\u7684\u82e6\u96e3\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u66f4\u9593\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u5217\u7dad\u7d0d\u65af\u5c07\u4e00\u5207\u610f\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u8a34\u8af8\u4ed6\u8005\u5148\u5728\u6027\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u5176\u300c\u9130\u820d\u300d\u5982\u4f55\u9054\u81f3\u300c\u975e\u51b7\u6f20\u300d\uff08non-in-diff\u00e9rence<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u502b\u7406\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5927\u6230\u9593\u6b7b\u50b7\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u81c9\u5bb9\u56fa\u7136\u6559\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u5fd8\u61f7\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8b93\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4ed6\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u901d\u4e16\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u5152\u5b50\u5c0d\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u611b\u6155\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u51fa\u81ea\u8c61\u5fb5\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u5c0d\u6bcd\u6027\u539f\u9109\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5728\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u6bcd\u89aa\u6c38\u9060\u795e\u79d8\u5730\u7559\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u908a\u3002\u300d\u5c24\u5176\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u81e8\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u800c\u8a00\u4f55\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u6279\u8a55\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u8207\u6c99\u7279\u4e26\u672a\u8b39\u5207\u5730\u95dc\u6ce8\u300c\u646f\u89aa\u4e4b\u6b7b\u300d\uff08la mort de l\u2019\u00eatre aim\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u300c\u5411\u6b7b\u800c\u5b58\u6709\u300d\uff08Sein-zum-Tode<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u751a\u81f3\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u8eab\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u6027\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5b58\u6709\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7e3d\u662f\u986f\u5f97\u754f\u7e2e\u4e14\u6050\u61fc\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u6240\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u6538\u95dc\u5177\u9ad4\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u547c\u559a\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u81e8\u5728\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u64fa\u812b\u9019\u7a2e\u8108\u7d61\u4e4b\u4e0b\u62bd\u7a7a\u4e86\u5be6\u969b\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u61fc\u6144\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8981\u660e\u767d\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u7de0\u9020\u4e00\u7a2e\u9080\u8acb\u300c\u4f60\u300d\u7684\u81e8\u5728\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8ac7\u5230\u5177\u9ad4\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\u6027\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u95dc\u65bc\u610f\u5411\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u89e3\u88e1\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e0d\u4f46\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u7684\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u5982\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u5728\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6211\u601d\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08[ego]-cogito-cogitatum<\/em>\uff09\u2500\u2500\u66f4\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u8207\u5176\u8eab\u9ad4\u5354\u540c\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u898b\u89e3\u9bae\u6d3b\u5730\u8df3\u51fa\u4e86\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u5fc3\u7269\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u56f0\u56ff\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u7d14\u601d\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u8eab\u9ad4\u6027\uff08corpor\u00e9it\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\u8207\u7a7a\u9593\u6027\uff08spatialit\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e2d\u9593\u8fad\uff08middle term\uff09\u6216\u4e2d\u57df\uff08milieu\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u62b5\u9054\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u8207\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u5143\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u300c\u6211\u300d\u8207\u300c\u4f60\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5951\u5408\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5728\u5834\u2014\u2014\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\uff08incarn\u00e9<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u6bd4\u8d77\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5c24\u751a\u6ce8\u91cd\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u7576\u4e0b\u53c3\u8207\uff08participation imm\u00e9diate<\/em>\uff09\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u76f4\u89c0\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5c0d\u77e5\u89ba\uff08percipio<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5247\u6070\u6070\u53ef\u770b\u4f5c\u6885\u6d1b\u2014\u9f90\u8482\u300a\u77e5\u89ba\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u300b\uff08Phenomenology of Perception<\/em>\uff0c1945\uff09\u7684\u5148\u8072\u3002\u6309\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u81ea\u8ff0\uff0c\u6108\u6b65\u5165\u665a\u5e74\u4ed6\u5c31\u6108\u8da8\u6210\u70ba\u53cd\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\uff08Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel\uff09\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u300b\uff08Ph\u00e4nomenologie des Geistes<\/em>\uff0c1807\uff09\u4e3b\u5f35\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u5f9e\u4e3b\u89c0\u7cbe\u795e\u5230\u5ba2\u89c0\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u62b5\u9054\u7d55\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\uff08Absolute Geist<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u662f\u5f9e\u500b\u5225\u5177\u9ad4\u8d70\u5411\u666e\u904d\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u3001\u4f5c\u70ba\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u5927\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u4ea6\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u5730\u88ab\u610f\u8b58\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u66ab\u4e0d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u6709\u5426\u8aa4\u8b80\u4e86\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\uff08\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u56fa\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u63e1\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5b58\u6709\u5316\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u60c5\u5883\uff08in concreto<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u5f37\u70c8\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u9ad4\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u7de3\u7531\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u5927\u6230\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u8207\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\uff08Frankfurt School\uff09\u2500\u2500\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u963f\u591a\u8afe\uff08Theodor W. Adorno\uff09\u2500\u2500\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u7adf\u723e\u6709\u7740\u5951\u5408\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u5c0d\u6297\u4eba\u300b\uff08Les hommes contre l\u2018humain<\/em>\uff0c1951\uff09\u4e2d\u6709\u53e5\uff1a\u300c\u62bd\u8c61\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u6230\u722d\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u540d\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u7a2e\u65cf\u6dd8\u6c70\u8207\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u8af8\u5bb6\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u4ea6\u662f\u767c\u73fe\u6b77\u53f2\u7d93\u9a57\u4e26\u4e0d\u4f3c\u5f9e\u524d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6216\u9032\u6b65\u8ad6\u8005\u6240\u9810\u671f\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u8d85\u514b\uff08sublation\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7d1b\u7d1b\u5f37\u8abf\u5177\u9ad4\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5c31\u8da8\u5411\u4e86\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u7406\u6027\u81f3\u4e0a\u539f\u5247\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u8207\u963f\u591a\u8afe\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5404\u7570\uff1a\u963f\u591a\u8afe\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u4e26\u975e\u60e1\u9b54\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u300c\u555f\u8499\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u300d\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u9700\u8981\u5c0b\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u53cd\u601d\u8207\u7de0\u9020\u50f9\u503c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff08Zweckrationalit\u00e4t<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u5177\u9ad4\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6027\uff08Sachlichkeit<\/em>\uff09\u51fa\u767c\u8e10\u884c\u300c\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u300d\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u751a\u76f8\u4fe1\u7406\u6027\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5c07\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u6027\u800c\u62d2\u8af8\u9580\u5916\uff09\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u65e6\u9ad8\u8209\u7406\u6027\u4fbf\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3001\u666e\u904d\u5316\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5c07\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u964d\u683c\u70ba\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u4ed6\u300d\u4e4b\u5ba2\u9ad4\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5728\u5c0d\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u95dc\u61f7\u4e0a\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5f37\u8abf\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\u6027\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u300c\u540c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u3014co-subject\u3015\uff09\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u2500\u2500\u57fa\u7763\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u8d77\u59cb\u8207\u7d42\u672b\u3002\u9678\u795e\u7236\u5728\u300a\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u5149\u74b0\u300b\u4e2d\u5982\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\u6027\u662f\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u9019\u662f\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u300d\u5c0d\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8981\u601d\u7d22\u4e26\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u81e8\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u61c9\u5f9e\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u6216\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6b64\u6709\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u5bb0\u6027\u548c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u9593\u53bb\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\u4ed6\u8005\u7c97\u66b4\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5ba2\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3001\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u540c\u7b49\u4efd\u91cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u671f\u671b\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u628a\u5b58\u6709\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\u958b\u653e\u4e14\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u7d14\u7cb9\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\u6027\uff08pure intersubjectivity\uff09\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u2014\u80e1\u585e\u723e\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u7a2e\u6538\u95dc\u65bc\u611b\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff1a\u300c\u8207\u300e\u6211\u601d\u300f\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6240\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u300e\u6211\u5011\u662f\u300f\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u300d\u3002\u5b58\u6709\u65bc\u662f\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\u65bc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u5167\u7684\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u300c\u53cb\u8abc\u795e\u5b78\u300d\u6216\u300c\u53cb\u8abc\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u300d\uff08\u9ea5\u514b\u57c3\u5f17\u3014James McEvoy\u3015\u8a9e\uff09\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u89aa\u5bc6\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7121\u4e0a\u5bc4\u671b\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u53ca\u7d93\u5e38\u7684\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u300e\u4f60\u300f\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7d55\u4e0d\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u9084\u539f\u5230\u819a\u6dfa\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u3002\u300d\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u5e36\u9818\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e26\u975e\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u51b0\u51b7\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4ea6\u975e\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5c07\u9130\u4eba\u770b\u6210\u5730\u7344\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u5149\u7684\u6e34\u6155\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6216\u5c31\u5f97\u4ee5\u9081\u5411\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u8abf\u611b\u8207\u5fe0\u4fe1\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\u6027\u5947\u8e5f\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u771f\u5be6\u5730\u9ad4\u6703\u4ed6\u4eba\u65bc\u6211\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u81e8\u5728\u3002\u81f3\u82e5\u6709\u95dc\u7d55\u671b\u8207\u76fc\u671b\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u99ac\u8cfd\u723e\u601d\u60f3\u653e\u8af8\u7576\u4e0b\u6642\u4ee3\u60c5\u5883\u6240\u5c07\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8ac7\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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