{"id":4035,"date":"2022-03-30T15:39:43","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T07:39:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=4035"},"modified":"2022-04-06T15:40:10","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T07:40:10","slug":"%e5%85%b1%e5%92%8c%e7%90%86%e6%83%b3%e8%88%87%e6%96%b0%e7%94%9f%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb-%e6%9e%90%e8%ab%96%e6%bc%a2%e5%a8%9c%ef%bc%8e%e9%84%82%e8%98%ad%e3%80%8a%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e6%a2%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=4035","title":{"rendered":"\u5171\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u65b0\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u6790\u8ad6\u6f22\u5a1c\uff0e\u9102\u862d\u300a\u4eba\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5728\u3008\u5b58\u5728\u5883\u6cc1\u8207\u751f\u547d\u7406\u6027\u2500\u2500\u6790\u8ad6\u6f22\u5a1c\uff0e\u9102\u862d\u300a\u4eba\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u8655\u7406\u5230\u9102\u862d\u300a\u4eba\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u751f\u547d\u7406\u6027\uff08Lebensrationalit\u00e4t\uff09\u7684\u5207\u5165\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u627f\u63a5\u7740\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9102\u862d\u95dc\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u6790\u8ad6\u5979\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u7740\u6240\u8b02\u65b0\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u7684\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u62b1\u8ca0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>\u4e03\u3001\u653f\u6cbb<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6253\u5f9e\u9102\u862d\u5beb\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u9996\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Origins of Totalitarianism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6372\u571f\u91cd\u4f86\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u300b\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u8655\u7406\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6b64\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ac7\u53ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a8d\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\u751f\u6d3b\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e26\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\u3001\u6216\u904e\u65bc\u7c97\u66b4\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u767c\u66b4\u52d5\u7b49\u7b49\u8aa4\u6703\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u88ab\u91cb\u9664\u4e86\u2500\u2500\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u9102\u862d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u88cf\uff0c\u4e0a\u6eaf\u5e0c\u81d8\u57ce\u90a6\uff08polis\uff09\u7684\u793e\u6703\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5c07\u767c\u73fe\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u662f\u76f8\u8f14\u76f8\u6210\u7684\u3002\u601d\u53ca\u9102\u862d\u7684\u6210\u9577\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u7531\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u5230\u5f8c\u4e8c\u6230\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ca\u81f3\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5b78\u751f\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u52d2\u9f90\u7cbe\u6e96\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7121\u6839\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u6642\u4ee3\uff08age of the mass\uff09\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u4e86\u89e3\u884c\u52d5\u7e3d\u662f\u9023\u7d50\u7740\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u55bb\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u7136\u5247\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u7269\u5728\u9102\u862d\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0b\u7684\u300cz\u014don politikon\u300d\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u300cbios politikos\u300d\uff08\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5373\u662f\u300cvita activa\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u6709\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u85c9\u7531\u7406\u6027\u8207\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u8aaa\u670d\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u9ad8\u8cb4\u4e14\u6df1\u523b\u2500\u2500\u5373\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u5206\u767c\u63ee\u751f\u547d\u7406\u6027\u2500\u2500\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u8655\u8655\u5145\u65a5\u5bb0\u5236\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u689d\u4ef6\u88cf\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5c0b\u56de\u884c\u52d5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6253\u958b\u4e16\u754c\u4e26\u8207\u4e4b\u7522\u751f\u66f4\u6046\u4e45\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u555f\u793a\u5f8c\u4f86\u8005\u5c07\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u59cb\u81f3\u7d42\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u7684\u8ad6\u8457\u90fd\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u7740\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e0d\u6dea\u70ba\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u5728\u5fb7\u6587\u88cf\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u300ctotaler Herrschaft\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u5168\u9762\u7ba1\u6cbb\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u8b02\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u591a\u5143\u7684\u3001\u8907\u6578\u7684\u4eba\uff08men in plurality\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u8981\u63a5\u7e8c\u8ac7\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u516b\u3001\u8907\u6578<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8907\u6578\u6027\uff08plurality\uff09\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u9102\u862d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u91cd\u6eab\u884c\u52d5\uff08praxis\uff09\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1a\u9019\u662f\u9102\u862d\u6700\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5176\u72f9\u7fa9\u5730\u6307\u5411\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5176\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u610f\u6db5\u66f4\u6307\u5411\u5728\u5ee3\u5834\uff08agora\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u6240\u8b02\u884c\u52d5\u751f\u6d3b\uff08vita activa\uff09\u8207\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\uff08public realm\uff09\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u63db\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u9ad8\u8cb4\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u8003\u616e\u4f5c\u70ba\u8907\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\u67b6\u69cb\u88cf\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u8105\u8feb\u8207\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\uff08prepolitical\uff09\u4eba\u502b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5011\u5f88\u5e38\u5c07\u5e78\u798f\uff08eudaimonia\uff09\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4f5c\u70ba\u751f\u8a08\uff08oikos\uff09\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u8207\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u5ba2\u89c0\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u9102\u862d\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u8a72\u6642\u5019\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6982\u5ff5\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u5c11\u6578\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u722d\u52dd\u7cbe\u795e\uff08agonal spirit\uff09\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u793e\u6703\u9818\u57df\u4e0d\u5fa9\u6d87\u6e2d\u5206\u660e\uff0c\u5bb6\u653f\uff08oikia\uff09\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u96c6\u9ad4\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\u4ea6\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u5c6c\u65bc\u516c\u5171\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u555f\u8499\u6642\u671f\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e16\u754c\u9032\u5165\u4ee5\u6e9d\u901a\u884c\u52d5\uff08communicative action\uff09\u70ba\u8981\u65e8\u7684\u7406\u6027\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u6309\u7167\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u7684\u6cd5\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u904d\uff08\u570b\u5bb6\uff09\u8207\u500b\u5225\uff08\u500b\u9ad4\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7406\u60f3\u2500\u2500\u5305\u62ec\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u3001\u6559\u6703\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u7b49\u7b49\u2500\u2500\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u57fa\u7763\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e2d\u4fdd\u4f7f\u5f97\u500b\u9ad4\u7a31\u7fa9\u6210\u8056\uff0c\u5f9e\u5331\u7f3a\uff08privative\uff09\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u3002\u627f\u63a5\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u300c\u8056\u5f92\u76f8\u901a\u300d\u5f97\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u500b\u5225\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u8eab\u88cf\u90a3\u500b\u5148\u5728\u7684\u3001\u9bae\u6d3b\u5730\u8a00\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u9748\u300d\u2500\u2500\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9102\u862d\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u88cf\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u5fc5\u7136\u5730\u610f\u5411\u8907\u6578\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7406\u6027\u3002\u9102\u862d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u958b\u9996\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\u548c\u8a00\u8aaa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u8a00\u8aaa\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u6027\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u7121\u6cd5\u5f7c\u6b64\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc5\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5f7c\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4f5c\u70ba\u5171\u6709\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u628a\u6211\u5011\u51dd\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u53c8\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u6210\u70ba\u6240\u8b02\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u7d46\u8173\u77f3\u3002\u5927\u773e\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u591a\u5be1\uff08\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u51dd\u805a\u4ed6\u5011\u3001\u65e2\u806f\u7e6b\u53c8\u5206\u9694\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8907\u6578\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u52c7\u6c23\u5728\u4eba\u502b\u4e4b\u9593\u767c\u63ee\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5f97\u7740\u6700\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5be6\u8e10\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u6c7a\u300d\u3002\uff08\u4f46\u82e5\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u74b0\u5883\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u8a8d\u70ba\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c89\u9ed8\u4f5c\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u5728\u6700\u72f9\u7a84\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u88cf\uff0c\u5c0b\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6297\u722d\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u7121\u6b0a\u52e2\u8005\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u300d\u3002\uff09\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u751f\u547d\u7406\u6027\u90a3\u9bae\u6d3b\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u7a2e\uff08\u6216\u591a\u7a2e\uff09\u4e3b\u9ad4\u969b\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6a5f\u8996\u91ce\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u773e\u4eba\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9762\u5411\u89c0\u770b\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0d\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8b93\u773e\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u770b\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u6027\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5c55\u73fe\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u800c\u82e5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7576\u4eba\u8b8a\u6210\u5b8c\u5168\u79c1\u6709\u7684\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4ed6\u5011\u518d\u4e5f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u770b\u5230\u6216\u807d\u5230\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u5225\u4eba\u4e5f\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u770b\u5230\u6216\u807d\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u88ab\u7981\u932e\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u55ae\u4e00\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u88cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u8907\u88fd\u7121\u6578\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u53ea\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u9762\u5411\u89c0\u770b\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5171\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672b\u65e5\u5c31\u6703\u5230\u4f86\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9019\u88cf\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8655\u7406\u6240\u8b02\u5dee\u7570\u8207\u91cd\u8907\u6216\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u727d\u6d89\u5230\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4eba\u62d2\u7d55\u767c\u63ee\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u6551\u8d16\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u6a5f\u90fd\u5c07\u96e3\u4ee5\u986f\u73fe\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u4e5d\u3001\u5171\u548c<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u9102\u862d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u662f\u8207\u5979\u540c\u6a23\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u8207\u53ca\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\uff08Frankfuft School\uff09\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u61f7\uff0c\u6545\u80fd\u5167\u5728\u5730\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u963f\u591a\u8afe\u3001\u99ac\u5eab\u8272\u4e43\u81f3\u4f5b\u6d1b\u59c6\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u7d04\u800c\u540c\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u88cf\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u51fa\u73fe\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\u4e86\u7121\u4f9d\u9760\uff0c\u8b8a\u5f97\u539f\u5b50\u5316\uff08atomization\uff09\u800c\u5931\u537b\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u65bc\u7109\u4e5f\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u751f\u6d3b\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u70ba\u72ac\u5112\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\uff08mittelstand\uff09\u6291\u6216\u7121\u6839\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\uff08mass\uff09\u3002\u9102\u862d\u540c\u6a23\u654f\u92b3\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9019\u9ede\uff0c\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u552f\u6709\u900f\u904e\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8907\u6578\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u539f\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u793e\u6703\u5206\u5b50\u8b8a\u6210\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\uff08individualization\uff09\u2500\u2500\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u501f\u7528\u6210\u9577\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u2500\u2500\u800c\u653f\u9ad4\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u50cf\u7d0d\u7cb9\u9ee8\u5c0d\u5f85\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff09\u8996\u4efb\u4f55\u500b\u9ad4\u70ba\u591a\u9918\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u6bd4\u8d77\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5b78\u6d3e\u8af8\u5bb6\u66f4\u70ba\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4e0d\u53ea\u6307\u5411\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u5e73\u9762\u5730\u6279\u5224\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff0c\u66f4\u81ea\u5177\u6b77\u53f2\u7e31\u6df1\uff0c\u56de\u61c9\u7740\u5f9e\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u4f86\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5982\u4f55\uff08\u66f2\u89e3\u4e86\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8faf\u8b49\u89c0\u5ff5\uff09\u5c07\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u6b77\u53f2\u524d\u9032\u7684\u3001\u7121\u6a5f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u9b25\u722d\u8207\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u6383\u9664\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u7d71\u7d71\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u5730\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u3001\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u8907\u6578\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u4eba\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7406\u6027\u2500\u2500\u6211\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u90fd\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u9102\u862d\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u60e1\u4e4b\u6d6e\u6dfa\u8655\uff08banality of evil\uff09\uff0c\u7121\u77e5\u540c\u6642\u6703\u6383\u9664\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u6253\u958b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u6a5f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7531\u65bc\u9102\u862d\u6240\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u8907\u6578\u7684\u300cIdeas\/Ideals\u300d\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u7121\u9650\u5730\u6253\u958b\u800c\u975e\u6574\u9ad4\u5730\u6536\u650f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5979\u6bd4\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u69cb\u60f3\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u9b06\u52d5\u958b\u653e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u6253\u7834\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u6846\u9650\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u5275\u9020\u904e\u53bb\u4e4b\u6240\u975e\uff0c\u800c\u8b00\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5c6c\u65bc\u4f5c\u70ba\u8907\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u300c\u6697\u793a\u7740\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u795e\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u7279\u6b0a\u3002\u300d\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u4eba\u8d8a\u662f\u56de\u61c9\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u8da8\u8fd1\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u904e\u7a0b\u5728\u5979\u770b\u4f86\u7d55\u975e\u662f\u96f6\u548c\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u516c\u5171\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u81e8\u5728\u2500\u2500\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u628a\u9102\u862d\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u7a31\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Republicanism\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u5f9e\u653f\u6cbb\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5247\u9808\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u7bc7\u300b\u3002\u6309\u9102\u862d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6703\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u662f\u812b\u96e2\u653f\u6cbb\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u3001\u662f\u53cd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7406\u89e3\u88cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u8b93\u5c11\u6578\u6210\u70ba\u54f2\u4eba\u738b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u767c\u63ee\u6240\u9577\u4e26\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u6c7a\u5b9a\u57ce\u90a6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u9102\u862d\u4e26\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u6240\u8b02\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u5979\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u57ce\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5171\u548c\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u70ba\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u5fc5\u9808\u5b58\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u6e9d\u901a\u722d\u8faf\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u63a8\u5d07\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u63ee\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u5145\u6eff\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8da8\u8fd1\u5353\u8d8a\uff08aret\u0113\uff09\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u6b64\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u624d\u6703\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u559c\u611b\u5b64\u7368\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u795e\u5373\u7378\u3002\u300d\u9102\u862d\u7684\u5171\u548c\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u8207\u5171\u878d\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u800c\u4e0d\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7576\u4f5c\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u570b\u300d\u88cf\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5f0f\u6a5f\u4ef6<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8ffd\u6c42\u80fd\u5920\u8d85\u8d8a\u653f\u6cbb\u6a5f\u69cb\uff08political institution\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u66f4\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7a7a\u9593\uff08political space\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u5341\u3001\u65b0\u751f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u5f80\u5f80\u70ba\u7fa4\u773e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u570b\u65cf\u6558\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5168\u9762\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u6240\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u90fd\u9810\u5148\u5730\u7531\u5c0f\u773e\u4eba\u6240\u5224\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u7fa4\u773e\u53ea\u5f97\u76f2\u76ee\u8ddf\u5f9e\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\uff08F\u00fchrer\uff09\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\uff0c\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u7a2e\u5d07\u5c1a\u5049\u5927\u58ef\u7f8e\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u5d07\u62dc\u88cf\u2500\u2500\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u547c\u61c9\u7740\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff1a\u9748\u5149\uff08aura\uff09\u5df2\u7d93\u5f9e\u5b97\u6559\u5100\u5f0f\u90a3\u88cf\u6d88\u6563\uff0c\u6539\u800c\u9644\u8eab\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dc\u90a3\u88cf\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u9102\u862d\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u518d\u9858\u610f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u800c\u6709\u4e4b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u5920\u9bae\u6d3b\u5730\u5275\u65b0\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u6216\u6703\u60f3\u8d77\u4e2d\u570b\u8a69\u4eba\u81e7\u514b\u5bb6\u7684\u540d\u53e5\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u300c\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6d3b\u7740\uff0f \u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4e86\uff1b\uff0f\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0f \u4ed6\u9084\u6d3b\u7740\u3002\u300d\u9019\u8207\u9102\u862d\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u65b0\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5176\u5be6\u975e\u5e38\u5339\u914d\u3002\u9102\u862d\u7684\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6240\u8b02\u65b0\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\uff08politics of natality\uff09\uff1a\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7bc4\u7587\u662f\u65b0\u751f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u300d\u57fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5171\u548c\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u5c07\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u300c\u751f\u547d\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u300d\uff08communities of life\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u8b02\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52d5\u5fc5\u9808\u634d\u885b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u60f3\u50cf\u8207\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e0d\u673d\uff08immortality\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u8e5f\u3002\u4e0d\u673d\u662f\u65b0\u751f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u88cf\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u96d6\u6b7b\u7336\u5728\u300d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u986f\u73fe\uff1a\u5b83\u4e26\u975e\u6307\u5411\u6642\u9593\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5b58\u7e8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u4e26\u975e\u610f\u5473\u5728\u73fe\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\u5f97\u7740\u6c38\u751f\uff08eternal life\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u90a3\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08poi\u0113sis\uff09\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u7684\u7dda\u578b\u5716\u50cf\u3002\u6309\u7167\u53f0\u7063\u5b78\u8005\u8449\u6d69\u6559\u6388\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u898b\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u751f\u6d3b\u6b63\u662f\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u5f4c\u8cfd\u4e9e\u6642\u9593\u89c0\u4e2d\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u7dda\u6027\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u67d0\u4eba\u5df2\u7136\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u56e0\u7740\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u52dd\u904e\u4e86\u6b7b\u4ea1\u800c\u5ef6\u7e8c\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u2500\u2500\u9019\u4ea6\u6697\u6697\u547c\u61c9\u4e86\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u6b63\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u7d00\u5ff5\u300d\uff08mn\u0113meia aidia\uff09\u4ee5\u70ba\u5149\u69ae\u3002\u5728\u9102\u862d\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u57ce\u90a6\u6240\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b58\u9019\u7a2e\u5bf6\u8cb4\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\uff08\u963f\u7518\u672c\u7684\u300c\u4f8b\u5916\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u5247\u6070\u6070\u7d66\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u540c\u6a23\u6709\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u5f4c\u8cfd\u4e9e\u6642\u9593\u8207\u6cd5\u5b78\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff09\u3002\u9102\u862d\u7684\u8a71\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u5c24\u5176\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u6700\u6709\u9650\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u88cf\u6700\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u90fd\u860a\u85cf\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u9650\u6027\u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u9ed1\u6697\u6642\u4ee3\uff08dark times\uff1b\u4f86\u81ea\u9102\u862d\u70ba\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u300a\u555f\u8fea\u300b[<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Illuminations<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">]\u4e00\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\uff09\u88cf\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u8a8d\u70ba\u552f\u7368\u4fdd\u5b58\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e34\u60f3\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u611b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u986f\u73fe\u4e86\u4eba\u4e4b\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u751f\u547d\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9ad8\u8cb4\u5c55\u73fe\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u300c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u5165\u9580\u8005&#8230;&#8230;\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5f9e\u4ee5\u524d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u9810\u671f\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u751a\u9ebc\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u958b\u7aef\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u300d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6bd4\u7167\u54c8\u4f2f\u99ac\u65af\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff1a\u6240\u8b02\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u5230\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u5f9e\u500b\u9ad4\u5230\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u7136\u5247<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u85c9\u7531\u5982\u6b64\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u9102\u862d\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u767c\u898b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u860a\u85cf\u7740\u958b\u5275\u5947\u8e5f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4eae\u5149\u788e\u7247\u5373\u66f2\u647a\u65bc\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7576\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u884c\u52d5\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u300e\u5049\u5927\u6027\u300f\u70ba\u5224\u6e96\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5728\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6253\u7834\u884c\u898f\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u975e\u51e1\uff0c\u5eb8\u5eb8\u788c\u788c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u88cf\u4fe1\u4ee5\u70ba\u771f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u518d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u985e\u7684\uff08sui generis\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 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