{"id":3630,"date":"2021-08-22T13:43:50","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T05:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3630"},"modified":"2021-08-19T13:45:21","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19T05:45:21","slug":"%e3%80%8c%e8%a2%ab%e5%89%aa%e8%a3%81%e7%9a%84%e9%82%8a%e8%a7%92%e6%96%99%e3%80%8d%e4%b9%8b%e5%bf%85%e8%a6%81%ef%b8%b0%e3%80%8a%e4%b9%9f%e6%96%af%e7%9a%84%e9%a6%99%e6%b8%af%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3630","title":{"rendered":"\u300c\u88ab\u526a\u88c1\u7684\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u300d\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\ufe30\u300a\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u535a\u58eb\u7d66\u6211\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u52e4\u8b19\u6eab\u6587\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u59792017\u5e74\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u6587\u7cfb\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u6a39\u4ec1\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u6587\u7cfb\u64d4\u4efb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3\u5728\u65bc\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u73fe\u7576\u4ee3\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u8457\u8ff0\u751a\u8c50\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4f69\u670d\u30022018\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u535a\u58eb\u8207\u4f55\u798f\u4ec1\u7b49\u6587\u58c7\u524d\u8f29\u5408\u7de8\u56db\u518a\u300a\u897f\u897f\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u6599\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u5979\u66f4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u539a\u7a4d\u8584\u767c\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5169\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7de8\u5beb\u7684\u300a\u7d20\u8449\u56db\u5341\u5e74\uff1a\u56de\u9867\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u5176\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u5beb\u6210\u7684\u5c08\u8457\u300a\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6545\u4e8b\u2500\u2500\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3002\u57286\u67083\u65e5\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40\u7d44\u7e54\u4e00\u5834\u300c\u9047\u898b\u4e5f\u65af\u300d\u5c0d\u8ac7\u6703\uff0c\u9080\u8acb\u5230\u5340\u4ef2\u6843\u535a\u58eb\u8207\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u535a\u58eb\u5169\u4f4d\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u5404\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e5f\u65af\u8a69\u4f5c\u8207\u8a55\u8ad6\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u958b\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u807d\u773e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u74b0\u7bc0\u4ee4\u4eba\u53d7\u76ca\u826f\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u500b\u4eba\u5206\u4eab<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u738b\u5bb6\u742a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8ac7\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5c0d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8a69\u4eba\u5b78\u8005\u6881\u79c9\u921e\u4ee5\u7b46\u540d\u300c\u4e5f\u65af\u300d\u81ea\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u5404\u5927\u5831\u520a\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u5c08\u6b04\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7522\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8046\u807d\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\u6d6e\u73fe\u51fa<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e00\u500b\u5f62\u8c61<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff1a\u300c<\/span><b>\u88ab\u526a\u88c1\u7684\u908a\u89d2\u6599<\/b>\u300d<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u88ab\u526a\u88c1\u7684\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u300d\uff0c\u7528\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u5728\u6b64\u66f8\u7dd2\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4f86\u5f62\u5bb9\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u8eab\u517c\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4ee4\u4e5f\u65af\u4e0d\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u5b78\u9662\u5f0f\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u751a\u6709\u500b\u4eba\u7279\u8272\u7684\u3001\u754c\u4e4e\u6563\u6587\u548c\u8ad6\u6587\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u3002\u300d\uff08\u7b2c3\u9801\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u8005\u8a69\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u65af\u8d8a\u754c\u5beb\u4f5c\u6563\u6587\u8a55\u8ad6\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u537b\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u7279\u5225\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u65af\u56de\u61c9\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff081995\u5e74\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u6642\u81ea\u5632\uff1a\u300c\u66f8\u51fa\u4f86\u4ee5\u5f8c\u641e\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u6211\u592a\u7406\u8ad6\u6027\u4e86\uff1b\u4f46\u8ab0\u6599\u5230\u8b80\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u66f8\u8a55\u4eba\u53cd\u53c8\u5acc\u6211\u5beb\u5f97\u592a\u6587\u85dd\u5316\uff0c\u592a\u591a\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u800c\u4e0d\u5920\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u3002\u300d\uff08\u7b2c3\u9801\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4e5f\u65af\u96d6\u7136\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u9999\u6e2f\u6545\u4e8b\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8aaa\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u58c7\u8207\u6587\u5b78\u6587\u5316\u8a55\u8ad6\u754c\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u3002\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u6b64\u66f8<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e4b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u65b0\u610f\u8207\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u65bc\u901a\u904e\u6574\u7406\u68b3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u9019\u6279\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u8a55\u50f9\u4e5f\u65af\u5728\u5efa\u8a2d\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u56de\u7b54\u4ed6\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u8a55\u8ad6\u7279\u9ede\u5c0d\u65bc\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u5beb\u6cd5\u6709\u4f55\u7279\u9ede\uff1f\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u8207\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u7d93\u9a57\u6709\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u5851\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff1f\u4ed6\u7684\u8d8a\u754c\u7279\u9ede\u5982\u4f55\u8f14\u52a9\u5176\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff1f\u300d\uff08\u7b2c4-5\u9801\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6b64\u66f8<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u59cb\u65bc\u5c0d\u4e5f\u65af\u65e9\u671f\u8a55\u8ad6\u7684\u6574\u7406\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5206\u6790<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u4e5f\u65af\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b78\u751f\u7522\u5834\u57df\uff08field\uff09\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u70ba\u8005\uff08actors\uff09\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u5df4\u8d6b\u91d1\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u300c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8a71\u8a9e\u6df7\u96dc\u300d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">heteroglossia<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7406\u8ad6<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7d50\u5408\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4f5c\u54c1\u7e3d\u7d50\u5176\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u9999\u6e2f\u6545\u4e8b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u5206\u6790\u9999\u6e2f\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5168\u7403\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5c07\u4e5f\u65af\u6563\u6587\u96c6\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u90fd\u5e02\u6587\u5b78\u5275\u4f5c\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u90fd\u5e02\u7a7a\u9593\u6587\u5316\u7279\u6027\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u65af\u70ba\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u300c\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u300d\u65b0\u8a69\u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u7d50\u5408\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u6292\u60c5\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e5f\u65af\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u8a69\u6b4c\u5275\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a69\u5b78\u6292\u60c5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u8207\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u300c\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u300d\u8a69\u6b4c\u7684\u4e92\u88dc\u5171\u878d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u300d\uff1f <\/b><b>\u53c8\u88ab\u8ab0\u88c1\u526a\uff1f<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6b64\u66f8\u7814\u7a76\u6536\u96c6\u68b3\u7406\u4e5f\u65af\u65e9\u671f\u5728\u5831\u520a\u5c08\u6b04\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5343\u5b57\u5de6\u53f3\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u300d\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u8207\u610f\u7fa9\u6240\u5728\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u800c\u4e14\u8207\u7d50\u96c6\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6574\u9f4a\u9762\u8c8c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c08\u6b04\u5f62\u5f0f\u9f13\u52f5\u4ed6\u300c\u501f\u984c\u767c\u63ee\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u8b6f\u4ecb\u6587\u7ae0\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5c08\u6b04\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u8df3\u8e8d\u6027\u548c\u96a8\u610f\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d93\u5e38\u7531\u8b6f\u4ecb\u5167\u5bb9\u99ac\u4e0a\u8df3\u5230\u8a55\u8ad6\u7576\u524d\u6587\u58c7\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6216\u5167\u5bb9\u6982\u62ec\u8a55\u8ff0\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u6697\u793a\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u56de\u61c9\u7576\u524d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u8ad6\u6230\u6216\u601d\u6f6e\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5074\u9762\u77ad\u89e3\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u58c7\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7279\u5225\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u672a\u5b9a\u578b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e5f\u65af\u662f\u5f88\u65e9\u6210\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c08\u6b04\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u65e9\u671f\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u5fe0\u5be6\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u907a\u73e0\u4e4b\u6a02\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u7167\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5176\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\uff08\u7b2c6\u9801\uff09<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u5177\u6709\u300c\u8df3\u8e8d\u6027\u548c\u96a8\u610f\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f8c\u4f86\u8b80\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u77ad\u89e3\u9999\u6e2f\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6587\u58c7\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u300c\u73fe\u5834\u611f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6642\u6548\u6027\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u58c7\u516c\u6848\u300c\u4f59\u6d3e\u300d\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c55\u793a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8eab\u4efd\u5f71\u97ff\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6975\u4f73\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1985-1987<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u8449\u8f1d\u3001\u7f85\u7ae5\uff08\u7f85\u8cb4\u7965\uff09\u3001\u738b\u4ec1\u82b8\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u8207\u80e1\u71d5\u9752\u3001\u674e\u83ef\u5ddd\u3001\u9673\u5fb7\u9326\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u9999\u6e2f\u8a69\u58c7\u90e8\u4efd\u5e74\u8f15\u8a69\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6a21\u4eff\u4f59\u5149\u4e2d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u958b\u5c55\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5728\u8a69\u4eba\u738b\u4eae\u548c\u7576\u6642\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u8ad6\u6230\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u4f59\u5149\u4e2d\u8207\u6881\u79c9\u921e\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u5169\u6d3e\u4eba\u99ac\u7684\u8a69\u89c0\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u4e3b\u6d41\u300d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7af6\u9010\u3002\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u8a8d\u70ba\u738b\u826f\u548c\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u5341\u5206\u7cbe\u95e2\uff0c\u4e26\u7d50\u5408\u9ec3\u7dad\u6a11\u7684\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u521d\u63a2\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u62d3\u5bec\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a \u300c\u89d2\u529b\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u4e0d\u662f\u8a69\u6b4c\u7684\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7de8\u7e82\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u6b0a\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7b2c203<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9801\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u65af\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ec3\u7dad\u6a11\u7248\u672c\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u8a69\u53f2\uff0c\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u5c08\u6b04\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u672a\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u9031\u5831\u300b\u4e00\u7cfb\u7684\u8a69\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u55ae\u65b9\u9762\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u4f59\u5149\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u61c9\u8a72\u91cd\u8996\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u53f0\u7063\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u65b0\u8a69\u7684\u96d9\u5411\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6bb5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u5728\u8a3b\u8173\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u9673\u5efa\u5fe0\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u5b78\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e5f\u65af\u4e26\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u4e2d\u3001\u53f0\u5169\u5730\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u8001\u611b\u5f37\u8abf\u9999\u6e2f\u53d7\u5230\u5169\u5730\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u4e5f\u65af\u5805\u6301\u6a19\u8209\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u4e26\u66f4\u9858\u610f\u81ea\u6211\u52a0\u4ee5\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5be6\u8e10\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e5f\u65af\u4e00\u76f4\u5805\u5b88\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u5404\u5730\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u96d9\u5411\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u67d0\u5730\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u55ae\u5411\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5805\u6301\u81ea\u6211\u8207\u5f37\u8abf\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u59ff\u614b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u8a69\u4f5c\u300a\u908a\u8449\u300b\u4e2d\u5c55\u9732\u7121\u907a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u908a\u8449\uff0f<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6881\u79c9\u921e<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4f60\u60cb\u60dc\u990a\u4efd\u4f86\u4e0d\u5230\u6700\u504f\u9060\u7684\u8449\u7de3<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u89c0\u8cde\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u7576\u7136\u61c9\u8a72\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e3b\u82b1<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4f60\u662f\u5713\u5fc3\uff0c\u51a0\u74e3\u7684\u57ce\u579b\u8f3b\u5c04\u8457\u6b0a\u529b<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53cd\u8986\u4fee\u8a02\u7684\u6b63\u53f2\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5713\u5468\u4e0a\u9762<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u66d6\u6627\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u98a8\u6c99\u64fe\u4e82\u4e86\u7684\u72fc\u7159<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u908a\u585e\u7684\u50b3\u8aaa\uff0c\u91ce\u53f2\u88cf\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8acb\u4e0d\u8981\u5e36\u8457\u541b\u81e8\u7684\u795e\u8272\u4fef\u8eab\u5411\u8457\u6211\u5011<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9ad8\u5531\u6fc0\u6602\u7684\u96e8\u66f2\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u9644\u548c\u98a8\u50b3\u7684\u9761\u97f3<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u82b1\u8449\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u59ff\u614b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u7559\u610f\uff1f<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4f60\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u7d30\u8b80\uff1f\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8449\u8108\u5982\u8857\u9053\u7e31\u6a6b<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53cd\u99c1\u4f60\u5fc3\u4e2d\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u85cd\u5716\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u7d30\u8a8d\uff1f<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9038\u51fa\u773e\u4eba\u6ce8\u8996\u7684\u76ee\u5149\uff0c\u4e3b\u8449\u5cb8\u7136\u7684\u9762\u8c8c<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e4b\u5916\ufe30\u6c34\u5e95\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u6839\uff0c\u5fc3\u5dfb\u672a\u8212\u7684\u65b0\u8449<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u96a8\u98a8\u5408\u5531\u4e2d\u96b1\u6666\u4e86\u7684\u6292\u60c5\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8046\u807d<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2500\u25001986\u5e74\u4e94\u6708<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9019\u7d44\u84ee\u8449\u8a69\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u3002\u7d50\u5408\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u89c0\uff0c\u6b64\u8a69\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u7d44\u5c0d\u7acb\u610f\u8c61\u503c\u5f97\u8b80\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5713\u5fc3\u8207\u5713\u5468\uff0c\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u91ce\u53f2\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u50cf\u4e5f\u65af\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u626e\u6f14\u8b6f\u8005\u3001\u5b78\u8005\u3001\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u3001\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa\u8a69\u6b4c\u5275\u4f5c\u8207\u6587\u5b78\u6587\u5316\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5728\u8207\u773e\u8072\u5408\u5531\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u300c\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8046\u807d\u300d\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6b63\u5982\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u5728\u6b64\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7e3d\u7d50\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u5be6\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u6bcf\u6bcf\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u89ba\u7684\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d93\u5e38\u5f9e\u6574\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6982\u62ec\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u662f\u5340\u584a\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u8b70\u984c\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fd7\u5728\u9762\u9762\u4ff1\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u80fd\u6f14\u793a\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u6790\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8ad6\u8b49\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u5f9e\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u89e3\u91cb\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u6545\u4e8b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u300c\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u300d\u65b0\u8a69\u3001\u6292\u60c5\u8a69\u5b78\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e9b\u8ab2\u984c\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u6703\u53ca\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e64\u500b\u5225\u6587\u5b78\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u7279\u9ede\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u500b\u5225\u7684\u300c\u60c5\u7bc0\u300d\u52a0\u8d77\u4f86\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u4e00\u90e8\u300c\u5b8c\u6574\u300d\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u591a\u5177\u5099\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u6e90\u6d41\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u601d\u6f6e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u627f\u50b3\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u68b3\u7406\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u5b78\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8108\u7d61\u3002\u4ed6\u5f9e\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f9e\u5357\u4f86\u4e00\u4ee3\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u6d3e\u7684\u627f\u50b3\uff0c\u8ac7\u5230\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u6b77\u6642\u67b6\u69cb\u9817\u70ba\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\uff08\u7b2c23\u9801\uff09<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u300c\u4f59\u6d3e\u300d\u4f8b\u5b50\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u526a\u88c1\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u6558\u4e8b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u58c7\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u7684\u8ad6\u6230\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u6536\u7de8\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5167\u5730\u6216\u8005\u53f0\u7063\u5b78\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u56de\u5230\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u539f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8981\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u689d\u6e05\u6670\u4e3b\u7dda\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6368\u68c4\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7d30\u679d\u672b\u7bc0\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5df2\u7d93\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u6797\u6797\u7e3d\u7e3d\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u51fa\u65bc\u9999\u6e2f\u5b78\u8005\u4e4b\u624b\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u8af8\u4f4d\u5b78\u8005\u65e9\u6709\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u57282014\u82072016\u5e74\u5206\u5225\u767c\u8868\u904e\u5169\u7bc7\u82f1\u6587\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u5206\u6790\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u5169\u96e3\u8655\u5883\uff0c\u63d0\u8b70\u501f\u9452\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6587\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u83ab\u62c9\u8482\uff08Franco Moretti\uff09\u66fe\u65bc2000\u5e74\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u671f\u520a<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Left Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u6587\u7ae0<em>Conjectures of World Literature<\/em>\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u53ef\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u300c\u6a39\u578b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u578b\u300d\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u6a39\u578b\u8108\u7d61\u8ffd\u6eaf\u67d0\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u578b\u8108\u7d61\u91cd\u8996\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u8108\u7d61\u4e0d\u50c5\u5206\u5225\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u8207\u8da8\u540c\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u66f4\u66ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u7de8\u64b0\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53c3\u8003<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u6e90\u81ea\u4f55\u6642\u4f55\u8655\uff1f\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u4f55\u4ee5\u5fc5\u8981\uff1f\u2500\u2500<\/b><b>\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u4f5c\u70ba\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5920\u7a81\u7834\u8ffd\u672c\u6eaf\u6e90\u6216\u8005\u63a2\u7a76\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u501f\u9452\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5fb7\u570b\u60b2\u5287\u6642\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u661f\u53e2\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\uff08constellation\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u80fd\u5920<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u958b\u62d3\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5728\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u7684\u53f2\u89c0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u8fa8\u8a8d\u5230\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5c0d\u5929\u4e0b\u9593\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u9032\u884c\u8fa8\u8a8d\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u4e26\u540d\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7121\u908a\u7121\u969b\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u548c\u89c0\u661f\u8005\u69cb\u5efa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u661f\u53e2\u300d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u76f8\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5728\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u53e4\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u4e2d\u6771\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u661f\u8005\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u8a9e\u5883\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u5c0d\u591c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u661f\u661f\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u8fa8\u8a8d\u3001\u91cd\u7d44\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5176\u8ce6\u4e88\u5404\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u5404\u7570\u661f\u5ea7\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u661f\u5ea7\u7406\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u5360\u661f\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7acb\u5834\u3001\u8996\u91ce\u9032\u884c\u95b1\u8b80\u95e1\u91cb\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u7de8\u5beb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u8aaa\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5230\u982d\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u65bc\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u544a\u8a34\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u90a3\u500b\u8aaa\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7ad9\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8aaa\u8a71\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u65af\uff0c\u300a\u9999\u6e2f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u9ebc\u96e3\u8aaa<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u300b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u53d7\u5230\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u300c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u661f\u53e2\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u501f\u7528\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u95e1\u660e\u5b78\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u904e\u7acb\u8db3\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u7a7a\u7684\u4f5c\uff0f\u8b80\u8005\u5c0d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u8996\u91ce\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u532f\u9ede\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u661f\u53e2\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u958b\u5c55\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u3001\u8de8\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u591a\u7dad\u52d5\u614b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5176\u904b\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u500b\u74b0\u7bc0\uff1a1\uff09\u7acb\u8db3\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7d93\u9a57\u800c\u958b\u5c55\u6587\u672c\u5275\u4f5c\u3001\u95b1\u8b80\u53ca\u95e1\u91cb\uff1b2\uff09\u901a\u904e\u8996\u57df\u8f49\u63db\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\uff1b3\uff09\u5728\u8996\u91ce\u4ea4\u532f\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u63d0\u7149\u666e\u4e16\u8a69\u5b78\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u860a\u542b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5171\u6642\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4ef0\u671b\u661f\u7a7a\u3002\u8463\u555f\u7ae0\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u300a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u61fa\u6094\uff1f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u300b<a href=\"#_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u6975\u70ba\u8a69\u610f\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6b77\u53f2\u672c\u4f86\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8655\u7406\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u300d\u7684\u3002\u300c\u672a\u4f86\u300d\u6c38\u9060\u9003\u9041\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5149\u7167\u6216\u9670\u5f71\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u300c\u5149\u5e74\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u8ff7\u60d1\u3002\u665a\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u4ef0\u671b\u661f\u7a7a\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u9846\u9059\u9060\u7684\u6052\u661f\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u5149\u3002\u9019\u9ede\u5149\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u5343\u842c\u5149\u5e74\u4f86\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5343\u842c\u5149\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u5f9e\u90a3\u9846\u661f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u5149\u4f86\u5230\u6211\u5011\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5920\u9060\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u4e0b\uff0c\u5169\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u300d\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u300d\u6c38\u9060\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u4ee5\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u672a\u4f86\u300d\u5448\u73fe\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u300c\u672a\u4f86\u300d\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u7121\u908a\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u300d\u7684\u5149\u9ede\u7684\u6295\u6620\u3002\u300c\u672a\u4f86\u53f2\u300d\u65bc\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u628a\u8a9e\u8a00\u7576\u4f5c\u5df2\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u5b7d\u4f86\u61fa\u6094\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u662f\u628a\u61fa\u6094\u7576\u4f5c\u672a\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u4f86\u5ba3\u544a\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u5728\u300a\u6642\u9593\u7e41\u53f2 \u555e\u74f7\u4e4b\u5149\u300b\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u672a\u4f86\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\uff08\u7e31\u4f7f\u662f\u8b8a\u52d5\u4e0d\u5c45\u7684\uff09\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u300d\u5206\u9694\u958b\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u662f\u4e92\u70ba\u8868\u88e1\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u672a\u4f86\u53f2\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u624d\u8aaa\u5f97\u904e\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>2013\u5e741\u67086\u65e5<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u4e5f\u65af\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u544a\u5225\u4eba\u9593\u6ecb\u5473\u3002\u6b64\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u7576\u5e74\u9084\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u653b\u8b80\u78a9\u58eb\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6478\u7d22\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u672c\u79d1\u6642\u671f\u66fe\u6709\u5e78\u5728\u4f55\u6176\u57fa\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u8046\u4e5f\u65af\u5ba2\u5ea7\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u78a9\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u984c\u76ee\u70ba\u300a\u7d20\u8449\u300b\u540c\u4eba\u6587\u5b78\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u4e5f\u65af\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u9031\u5831\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5927\u62c7\u6307\u300b\u540c\u4eba\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\u66f8\u4f5c\u5e8f\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u5b78\u8005\u6a0a\u5584\u6a19\u6559\u6388\u8207\u9673\u667a\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e5f\u5206\u5225\u5beb\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u4e5f\u65af\u76f8\u8b58\u76f8\u77e5\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u6a0a\u5584\u6a19\u5c31\u662f\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1995<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u53c3\u52a0\u4e5f\u65af\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u8b1b\u7684\u300c\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\uff1a\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u300d\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6642\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u4e09\u570b\u6642\u4ee3\u7d93\u5b78\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u6587\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u7de3\u3002\u800c\u9673\u667a\u5fb7\u66f4\u81ea\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u9577\u5e74\u5fe0\u5be6\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u59cb\u65bc\u78a9\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6642\u671f\u5230\u535a\u58eb\u968e\u6bb5\u4e00\u76f4\u8ffd\u96a8\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u300d\uff0c\u8207\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u7de3\u5206\u6975\u6df1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8ddd\u96e2\u4e5f\u65af\u767c\u8868\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u90a3\u9ebc\u96e3\u8aaa\uff1f\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u535a\u58eb<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4ee5\u5176\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u8457\u4f5c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u300a\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6545\u4e8b\u2500\u2500\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u5230\u8af8\u4f4d\u524d\u8f29\u7684\u773e\u8072\u5408\u5531\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u59a8\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u4e5f\u65af\u8d8a\u754c\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u50be\u807d\u300d\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6b64\u66f8\u4e2d\u5f9e\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u8457\u624b\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u5275\u4f5c\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u8457\u8ff0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b64\u66f8\u51dd\u96c6\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\u4ee3\u969b\u76f8\u50b3\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u8207\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e5f\u65af\u64ad\u6492\u9ea5\u5b50\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7d50\u7a57\u8c50\u6536\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5f9e\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u5411\u4e5f\u65af\u300c\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u9ebc\u96e3\u8aaa\uff1f\u300d\u5927\u54c9\u554f\uff0c\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8aa0\u610f\u6eff\u6eff\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u66f8\u7d50\u8a9e\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u738b\u5bb6\u742a\u5c0d\u6b64\u66f8\u8ad6\u8ff0\u505a\u51fa\u7e3d\u7d50\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u300c\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u300d\u3001\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u3001\u300c\u90fd\u5e02\u6587\u5316\u300d\u3001\u300c\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u65b0\u8a69\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u6292\u60c5\u300d\u70ba\u4e5f\u65af\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e5f\u65af\u4e00\u751f\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4ed6\u7531\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u5c08\u6b04\u77ed\u8a55\u5230\u516b\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4e26\u7d50\u5408\u5176\u6587\u5b78\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u5617\u8a66\u6574\u7406\u4e26\u8a55\u50f9\u4ed6\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u9999\u6e2f\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u6574\u7406\u70ba\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\uff08\u7b2c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">327<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9801\uff09<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3000\u30002016\u5e74\uff0c\u9673\u570b\u7403\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u6301\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u5377\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u5927\u7cfb\uff081919-1949\uff09\u300b\u9010\u6f38\u9762\u4e16\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u300c\u5927\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u7de8\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u57281949\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u5167\u5730\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u806f\u7e6b\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6839\u64da\u5176\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u5927\u7cfb\u300b\u5171\u4e09\u8f2f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u8a69\u3001\u6563\u6587\u3001\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3001\u8a55\u8ad6\u3001\u820a\u9ad4\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u901a\u4fd7\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u6587\u5b78\u7b49\u5171\u5341\u4e8c\u5377\uff0c\u7531\u5341\u4e00\u4f4d\u672c\u5730\u5c08\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\u64d4\u4efb\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u8ffd\u672c\u6eaf\u6e90\uff0c\u767c\u6398\u88ab\u6642\u9593\u6d2a\u6d41\u6df9\u6c92\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u539f\u4f86\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u773e\u6578\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u53f2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5275\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u5ea7\u4f5c\u300c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u908a\u8449\u300d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u59ff\u614b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u773e\u6578\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u773e\u751f\u55a7\u5629\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u958b\u653e\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u53c8\u53ca\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 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