{"id":3477,"date":"2021-06-20T13:22:18","date_gmt":"2021-06-20T05:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3477"},"modified":"2021-06-17T13:30:00","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T05:30:00","slug":"%e9%bb%83%e5%8f%af%e5%81%89%e7%9a%84%e9%a6%99%e6%b8%af%e3%80%8c%e9%84%89%e5%9c%9f%e6%9b%b8%e5%af%ab%e3%80%8d%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e5%ba%8f%e3%80%8a%e5%81%bd%e9%9b%99%e5%9f%8e%e7%b9%aa%e5%9c%96%e8%aa%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3477","title":{"rendered":"\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u300c\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u300d\u2500\u2500\u5e8f\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u5730\u8a8c\u66f8\u5beb\u9084\u662f\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4e0b\u7b46\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u6211\u7336\u8c6b\u8457\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u7528\u300c\u5730\u8a8c\u66f8\u5beb\u300d\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u7528\u300c\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u300d\u53bb\u6db5\u84cb\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u7684\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b\u3002\u6309\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u7528\u4e86\u300c\u5716\u8a8c\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u90e8\u4efd\u7b26\u5408\u8457\u5730\u8a8c\u5b78\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6e56\u6cca\u3001\u9053\u8def\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u7acb\u9ad4\u5730\u5f62\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\uff1b\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u300c\u5730\u8a8c\u300d\uff08topography\uff09\u4e00\u8a5e\u5c31\u5b57\u6e90\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\uff08the writing of a place\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u5169\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u52a0\u6301\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u300c\u5730\u8a8c\u66f8\u5beb\u300d\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u8fb2\u6751\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u548c\u4ee5\u9109\u6751\u6216\u9109\u6751\u4eba\u7269\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u57ce\u93ae\u984c\u6750\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u8d99\u7a00\u65b9\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4fb6\u502b\u7684\u300a\u7aae\u5df7\u300b\uff081947\uff09\uff0c\u9ec3\u8c37\u67f3\u7684\u300a\u8766\u7403\u50b3\u300b\uff081948\uff09\u53ca\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u7684\u300a\u592a\u967d\u4e0b\u5c71\u4e86\u300b\uff081962\uff09\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u6230\u5f8c\u4e09\u90e8\u9109\u571f\u6587\u5b78\u5091\u4f5c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u6230\u5f8c\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ee5\u57ce\u3001\u5df7\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u9019\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5f88\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u5b8c\u5b8c\u5168\u5168\u4ee5\u9109\u6751\u70ba\u5beb\u4f5c\u984c\u6750\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u5f88\u96e3\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u6982\u5ff5\u53bb\u6982\u62ec\u66fe\u5beb\u904e\u8fb2\u6751\u984c\u6750\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u4f46\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u4ecd\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u8a55\u8ad6\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5462\uff1f\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5728\u5730\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u8521\u76ca\u61f7\u66fe\u4ee5\u300c\u543e\u571f\u543e\u9109\u60c5\u61f7\u300d\u63a2\u8a0e\u904e\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u65e9\u671f\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7684\u672c\u571f\u60c5\u610f\u7d50\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5c0d\u751f\u990a\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5373\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff1a\u300c\u800c\u5176\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u5e95\u860a\u5c31\u662f\u2500\u2500\u672c\u571f\u60c5\u61f7\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u6fc3\u5f97\u5316\u4e0d\u958b\u7684\u543e\u571f\u543e\u9109\u60c5\u61f7\uff0c\u4ee4\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u56e0\u70ba\u5beb\u904e\u9109\u6751\u984c\u6750\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u543e\u571f\u543e\u9109\u60c5\u61f7\u300d\u662f\u69cb\u6210\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8521\u76ca\u61f7\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u9ede\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u9109\u571f\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u5169\u91cd\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u91cd\u662f\u8207\u300c\u57ce\u5e02\u300d\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u300c\u9109\u90ca\u300d\u5730\u65b9\uff08rural\uff09\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u91cd\u662f\u300c\u6545\u9109\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6545\u9109\u7684\u571f\u5730\u300d\uff08homeland\u6216home town\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6545\u9109\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6307\u6d89\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u57ce\u662f\u93ae\u662f\u9109\u9084\u662f\u6751\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u9109\u571f\u60c5\u61f7\uff0c\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8f03\u70ba\u5bec\u6cdb\u7684\u5730\u8a8c\u66f8\u5beb\u2500\u2500\u96d6\u7136\u5730\u8a8c\u66f8\u5beb\u90fd\u6642\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u6558\u4e8b\u8005\u8207\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u9023\u7e6b\u3002\u6211\u53cd\u800c\u60f3\u628a\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b\u653e\u5728\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u53bb\u9650\u5236\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u60f3\u7a81\u51fa\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u5728\u5730\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5728\u5730\u8a8d\u540c\u53ef\u5f9e\u5169\u65b9\u9762\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u7279\u610f\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u300c\u6c34\u6587\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5c71\u6797\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u3001\u300c\u57ce\u5df7\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\uff0c\u53bb\u5c55\u793a\u9999\u6e2f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c34\u4e0a\u4eba\u5bb6\u3001\u65b0\u754c\u9109\u6751\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u820a\u5340\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u9999\u6e2f\u88ab\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u7684\u9109\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50c5\u4ee5\u74b0\u5883\u63cf\u5beb\u53bb\u5f70\u986f\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u98a8\u6b8a\u98a8\u8c8c\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee5\u300c\u61f7\u820a\u300d\uff08nostalgia\uff09\u628a\u6545\u4e8b\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u6210\u9577\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u7dca\u5bc6\u6263\u9023\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u61f7\u820a\u5f15\u5c0e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u7528\u4f5c\u62b5\u6297\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u62b5\u6297\u653f\u6cbb\u56f0\u5c40\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u6c34\u6587\u4e4b\u90e8\u3001\u5c71\u6797\u4e4b\u90e8\u3001\u57ce\u5df7\u4e4b\u90e8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\uff0e\u4e00\u3001\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u9109\u571f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u72f9\u7fa9\u7684\u9109\u571f\u662f\u6307\u9109\u90ca\u6216\u8fb2\u6751\uff0c\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c31\u7279\u610f\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u9109\u90ca\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u90e8\u4efd\uff1a\u300c\u6c34\u6587\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5c71\u6797\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u548c\u300c\u57ce\u5df7\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u3002\u300c\u57ce\u5df7\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u5beb\u57ce\u5e02\u5167\u820a\u5340\u5c0f\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u6210\u9577\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u90e8\u5c31\u5206\u5225\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u6c34\u4e0a\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u65b0\u754c\u8fb2\u6751\u7684\u5730\u7406\u98a8\u8c8c\u3002\u300c\u6c34\u6587\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u4e2d\u3008\u6c88\u9ed8\u4e4b\u6d77\u3009\u5beb\u897f\u8ca2\u725b\u5c3e\u6d77\u3001\u3008\u6b7b\u6c34\u540c\u6d3b\u6c34\u3009\u5beb\u56db\u5927\u6f01\u6751\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u90e8\u7684\u3008\u73fe\u4ee3\u76e7\u4ead\u8b8a\u5f62\u8a18\u3009\u5beb\u5927\u5dbc\u5c71\u3001\u3008\u71c8\u5854\u8207\u5b64\u5cf6\u3009\u5beb\u6a6b\u703e\u5cf6\uff1b\u300c\u5c71\u6797\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u4e2d\u3008\u8776\u5316\u3009\u5beb\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u3008\u8352\u91ce\u4e4b\u725b\u3009\u5beb\u65b0\u754c\u88ab\u68c4\u990a\u7684\u8015\u725b\uff0c\u3008\u571f\u7c73\u76df\u3009\u5beb\u7a2e\u7c73\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5176\u5be6\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5143\u6717\u7d72\u82d7\u7c73\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e5f\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u8fb2\u696d\u53f2\u4e0a\u5149\u8f1d\u7684\u4e00\u9801\uff0c\u4f46\u3008\u571f\u7c73\u76df\u3009\u4e2d\u8aaa\u300c\u5916\u5730\u4eba\u90fd\u89ba\u5f97\u9999\u6e2f\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u570b\u969b\u5927\u90fd\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u5b9a\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\u6709\u4e03\u6210\u662f\u9109\u90ca\u571f\u5730\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u5766\u767d\u8aaa\uff0c\u9023\u6211\u9019\u500b\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u751f\u6d3b\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f9e\u6c92\u53bb\u904e\u725b\u5c3e\u6d77\u548c\u6a6b\u703e\u5cf6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u5403\u904e\u9999\u6e2f\u51fa\u7522\u7684\u7c73\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u300c\u5357\u6fb3\u4ee5\u5357\u3001\u6c99\u5824\u4ee5\u5357\u3001\u6a6b\u703e\u5cf6\u4ee5\u5357\u2026\u2026\u300d\u2500\u2500\u9019\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u5831\u5929\u6c23\u9810\u5831\u6642\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u807d\u5230\u7684\u5730\u7406\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5730\u7406\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u6536\u7d0d\u5728\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u5167\u3002\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u537b\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u90fd\u5e02\u8ad6\u8ff0\u908a\u7de3\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u58d3\u6291\u7684\u9109\u571f\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u6211\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u767c\u73fe\u9109\u571f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8aaa\u662f\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9ede\u8a87\u5f35\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u9109\u90ca\u70ba\u5beb\u4f5c\u984c\u6750\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u78ba\u4e0d\u50cf\u6b4c\u502b\u5e03\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u5927\u9678\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u9109\u90ca\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u7121\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u9109\u90ca\u4f54\u9999\u6e2f\u4e03\u6210\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u767c\u751f\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u9577\u671f\u88ab\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u3002\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u5462\uff1f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u9109\u90ca\u7e3d\u88ab\u8a2d\u60f3\u6210\u8207\u57ce\u5e02\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u65bc\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0a\u9060\u96e2\u55a7\u9b27\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u5f77\u5f7f\u9060\u96e2\u6b77\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u66f4\u5b8f\u89c0\u5730\u770b\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u9109\u571f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u984c\u6750\u30021923\u5e74\u524d\u5f8c\uff0c\u9109\u571f\u6587\u5b78\u9761\u7136\u6210\u98a8\u3002\u5e2b\u627f\u9b6f\u8fc5\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u5e74\u9752\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u6f58\u8a13\u3001\u8a31\u5091\u3001\u8a31\u6b3d\u6587\u3001\u9b6f\u5f65\u3001\u5f90\u7389\u8afe\u3001\u8e47\u5148\u827e\u3001\u5f6d\u5bb6\u714c\u3001\u81fa\u975c\u8fb2\u7b49\uff0c\u6642\u5e38\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6545\u9109\u56de\u61b6\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u9109\u571f\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u3002\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7ad9\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u7ad9\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u56de\u671b\u9109\u571f\uff0c\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u300d\u9109\u571f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5171\u540c\u767c\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u53e4\u8001\u3001\u9589\u585e\u3001\u91ce\u883b\u3001\u843d\u5f8c\u3001\u6c88\u60b6\u7684\u9109\u571f\u4e2d\u570b\u5716\u666f\u3002\u5982\u80e1\u4e5f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3008\u68b0\u9b25\u3009\u8b1b\u5169\u500b\u6751\u838a\u7684\u68b0\u9b25\uff0c\u9b6f\u5f65\u5beb\u5169\u6751\u5728\u8acb\u795e\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff08\u3008\u5c94\u8def\u3009\uff09\uff0c\u81fa\u975c\u8fb2\u7684\u3008\u71ed\u7130\u3009\u5beb\u300c\u6c96\u559c\u300d\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u7fd2\u4fd7\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> \u8881\u7d05\u6fe4\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u4fd7\u5b78\u8996\u91ce\u7684\u9109\u571f\u3002\u90a3\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u767c\u73fe\u9109\u571f\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u4ee5\u751a\u9ebc\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u767c\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u9109\u571f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5f9e\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u7136\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7530\u5712\u7267\u6b4c\u5f0f\u7684\u9109\u571f\u3002\u3008\u6b7b\u6c34\u540c\u6d3b\u6c34\u3009\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u591a\u6578\u90fd\u5514\u77e5\u54a9\u53eb\u6f01\u6751\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u6cc1\u800c\u5bb6\u9752\u86d9\u57ce\u8b8a\u5497\u4e16\u754c\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u7092\u80a1\u5c31\u53fb\uff0c\u540c\u4f62\u5730\u8b1b\u6f01\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u5625\u6c23\uff0c\u4f60\u540c\u4f62\u5730\u8b1b\uff0c\u4eba\u54cb\u4ef2\u5acc\u4f60\u7169\u5acc\u4f60\u8001\u571f\uff0c\u4f62\u90fd\u5514\u77e5\u800c\u5bb6\u4ef2\u5b78\u57cb\u54a9\u53eb\u86d9\u57ce\u56db\u5927\u6f01\u6751\u6709\u54a9\u5622\u7528\u3002\u5514\u540c\u820a\u6642\uff0c\u6c34\u751f\u4ef2\u7d30\u8b80\u5c0f\u5b78\u55f0\u6642\uff0c\u5168\u500b\u9752\u86d9\u57ce\u5605\u5c0f\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u6bcd\u3001\u86d9\u57ce\u4ed4\u3001\u91d1\u9b5a\u9580\u3001\u5927\u7be9\u7063\u4fc2\u56db\u5927\u6f01\u6751\uff0c\u55f0\u6642\u9752\u86d9\u57ce\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5514\u5c11\u4eba\u51fa\u6d77\u6349\u9b5a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u90fd\u4fc2\u820a\u6642\u5605\u65e2\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u5497\u56db\u5341\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u54a9\u90fd\u5514\u540c\u6652\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b1b\u8d77\u86d9\u57ce\u56db\u5927\u6f01\u6751\uff0c\u6c34\u751f\u5187\u5acc\u68c4\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u597d\u61f7\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f62\u4ecb\u7d39\u81ea\u5df1\u5605\u9109\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f62\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u8a71\u5927\u6bcd\u4fc2\u81ea\u5df1\u9109\u4e0b\uff0c\u5514\u4f3c\u4f62\u7d30\u4f6c\u9678\u751f\uff0c\u4f62\u5514\u6015\u4eba\u54cb\u77e5\u9053\u4f62\u4fc2\u6f01\u6c11\u51fa\u8eab\uff3b\u2026\u2026\uff3d<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u3008\u8352\u91ce\u4e4b\u725b\u3009\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u725b\u662f\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u653e\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u9752\u86d9\u57ce\u958b\u59cb\u5927\u91cf\u9032\u53e3\u6d77\u68e0\u570b\u7684\u5ec9\u50f9\u8fb2\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u51fa\u7522\u7531\u65bc\u6210\u672c\u4e0d\u83f2\uff0c\u552e\u50f9\u4e5f\u6602\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u7af6\u722d\u4e2d\u6f38\u6f38\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u86d9\u57ce\u8fb2\u592b\u770b\u6e96\u57ce\u4e2d\u65e5\u6f38\u4e2d\u7522\u5316\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u8f49\u578b\u6539\u7fd2\u6709\u6a5f\u8015\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u65e5\u76ca\u58ef\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u512a\u8cea\u6709\u6a5f\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u6328\u904e\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u6dd8\u6c70\u6230\uff0c\u5728\u9752\u86d9\u57ce\u5016\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u540c\u696d\u90fd\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u82b1\u4e0b\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u672c\u5730\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u8655\u5728\u9752\u86d9\u57ce\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u5728\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c71\u82b1\u4e0b\u540c\u6642\u662f\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u51fa\u7522\u672c\u5730\u512a\u8cea\u7d72\u82d7\u7c73\u5916\u92b7\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5c71\u82b1\u4e0b\u805a\u5c45\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4f9d\u9760\u52d9\u8fb2\u7dad\u751f\u7684\u6751\u6c11\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u71b1\u9b27\u7684\u5c0f\u6751\u843d\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u5728\u9752\u86d9\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u65c1\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u66fe\u7d93\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u5408\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u614b\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u8fb2\u6751\u4f5c\u696d\u7684\u751f\u614b\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u5c71\u82b1\u4e0b\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u5df2\u7d93\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6d88\u5931\uff3b\u2026\u2026\uff3d<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u61f7\u5ff5\u7684\u6f01\u6751\u98a8\u60c5\uff08\u3008\u6b7b\u6c34\u540c\u6d3b\u6c34\u3009\uff09\uff1b\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u7d50\u5408\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u614b\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u8fb2\u6751\u4f5c\u696d\u7684\u751f\u614b\u793e\u5340\u300d\uff08\u3008\u8352\u91ce\u4e4b\u725b\u3009\uff09\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u63d0\u53ca\u9109\u90ca\u98a8\u666f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u70ba\u73fe\u6642\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u904e\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7136\u6d88\u5931\u7684\uff0c\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u9109\u90ca\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u9109\u90ca\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u63d0\u53ca\u7531\u9109\u90ca\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u9109\u571f\u7d93\u9a57\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5982\u3008\u8352\u91ce\u4e4b\u725b\u3009\u8aaa\u9999\u6e2f\u65bc\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fb2\u696d\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u3008\u6b7b\u6c34\u540c\u6d3b\u6c34\u3009\u6d89\u53ca\u56db\u5927\u6f01\u6751\u56e0\u70ba\u9999\u6e2f\u586b\u6d77\u5de5\u7a0b\u800c\u6c92\u843d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5f8c\u4f86\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u53bb\u7dec\u61f7\u5df2\u7136\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u539f\u9109\u60f3\u50cf\u5f0f\u7684\u9109\u90ca\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9109\u90ca\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u7fd2\u4fd7\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7d66\u4eba\u4e00\u7a2e\u53e4\u8001\u5373\u5584\u3001\u4eca\u4e0d\u5982\u6614\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u5beb\u9109\u90ca\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u540d\u4ed9\u5883\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e00\u8a18\u5929\u4eba\u5408\u4e00\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u9999\u6e2f\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u98a8\u5149\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u7406\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u70ba\u5176\u6ce8\u5165\u6b77\u53f2\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5165\u4eba\u6587\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u9109\u571f\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u9109\u571f\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u4e4b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9109\u571f\u4e5f\u88ab\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u67d0\u7a2e\u4eba\u6587\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6b63\u5f0f\u9032\u5165\u9999\u6e2f\u672c\u571f\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u610f\u7fa9\u4e4b\u751f\u6210\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u610f\u7fa9\u751f\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u5165\u672c\u571f\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u662f\u300c\u61f7\u820a\u300d\uff08nostalgia\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\uff0e\u4e8c\u3001\u61f7\u820a\uff1a<\/strong><strong>\u4ee5\u8a18\u61b6\u62b5\u6297\u6642\u4ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u300c\u61f7\u820a\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u7dec\u61f7\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u6f5b\u85cf\u7684\u8aaa\u8a71\u662f\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u61be\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u5011\u8981\u7528\u8ffd\u61b6\u901d\u6c34\u5e74\u83ef\u4e4b\u7b46\u8abf\uff0c\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u90a3\u500b\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u570b\u5ea6\u3002\u627f\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b\u63cf\u8ff0\u9109\u90ca\u98a8\u5149\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8912\u63da\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u8cb6\u6291\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u9109\u90ca\u63cf\u5beb\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u54c1\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u300c\u57ce\u5df7\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\uff0c\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u61f7\u820a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5e36\u51fa\u904e\u53bb\u662f\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u6b98\u7f3a\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u61f7\u820a\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u904e\u5f80\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u5f80\u5f80\u8207\u4ed6\u6240\u8655\u4e4b\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9999\u6e2f\u6b77\u53f2\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u7dca\u5bc6\u6263\u9023\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u57ce\u5df7\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u3008\u5e7d\u9748\u57ce\u5e02\u3009\u3001\u3008\u7121\u4f55\u6709\u4e4b\u9109\u3009\u548c\u3008\u5ee2\u8806\uff08\u788e\u7247\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u3009\u90fd\u662f\u6558\u8ff0\u8005\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f9e\u73fe\u5728\u8aaa\u56de\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u5074\u5beb\u9999\u6e2f\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u4ee5\u3008\u5e7d\u9748\u57ce\u5e02\u3009\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5\u300c\u6211\u300d\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u5858\u5340\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c \u898b\u8b49\u9999\u6e2f\u820a\u5340\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u7d30\u500b\u4fc2\u89c0\u5858\u8fd4\u5b78\uff0c\u963f\u5a46\u53c8\u4fc2\u6708\u83ef\u8857\u4f4f\uff0c\u55f0\u6642\u6211\u6210\u65e5\u7d93\u904e\u89c0\u5858\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8a18\u5f97\u9280\u90fd\u6232\u9662\u65c1\u908a\u6709\u4e00\u9593\u56db\u5c64\u9ad8\u5605\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40\uff0c\u6211\u7aae\uff0c\u5187\u9322\u8cb7\u66f8\uff0c\u6210\u65e5\u8d70\u53bb\u6253\u66f8\u91d8\u3002\u5f8c\u5c3e\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\u4e00\u849e\uff0c\u8981\u57f7\u7b20\uff0c\u4fc2\u5927\u6e1b\u50f9\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9593\u66f8\u5c40\u9023\u57cb\u5165\u9762\u5572\u66f8\u540c\u57cb\u539f\u672c\u5605\u54e1\u5de5\u5c31\u771f\u4fc2\u597d\u4f3c\u7540\u98a8\u6372\u904e\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u597d\u5feb\u5c31\u5514\u898b\u5497\u3002\uff3b\u2026\u2026\uff3d\u5514\u6b62\u5514\u6b62\uff0c\u5514\u6b62\u4e00\u5e62\u5de5\u5ee0\u5187\u5497\uff0cAPM\u55f0\u5e62\u5e7e\u5341\u5c64\u9ad8\u5605\u5927\u5ec8\u5c31\u597d\u4f3c\u4e00\u628a\u5315\u9996\uff0c\u63d2\u89aa\u89c0\u5858\u5605\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u584a\u5730\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u708e\u6d41\u81bf\uff0c\u5f80\u5916\u8150\u721b\u3002\u8d77\u5148\u53ea\u4fc2\u5730\u9435\u7ad9\u9694\u7c6c\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5f80\u89c0\u5858\u9053\u5169\u908a\u6f2b\u5ef6\uff0c\u55ba\u5de5\u696d\u5340\u8d77\u5497\u4e00\u5e62\u5e62\u597d\u4f3c\u8089\u7624\u5605\u65b0\u578b\u5927\u5ec8\uff0c\u9ede\u77e5\u4f9d\u4e00\u5169\u5e74\u5514\u6b62\u55ba\u5de5\u696d\u5340\u721b\uff0c\u4ef2\u721b\u5230\u843d\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u6558\u8ff0\u8005\u300c\u6211\u300d\u8aaa\u9999\u6e2f\u5e02\u5340\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u50cf\u8089\u7624\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u708e\u6d41\u81bf\uff0c\u5f80\u5916\u8150\u721b\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u53c8\u628a\u820a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5feb\u901f\u63a8\u5012\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60c5\u8207\u820a\u4e8b\u6d88\u5931\u5f97\u50cf\u5e7d\u9748\u4e00\u822c\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4fc2\u773c\u775b\u7728\u4e00\u4e0b\u540c\u7728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u9593\u5605\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u898b\u5230\u963f\u5a46\u3001\u89c0\u5858\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u9999\u6e2f\u5605\u820a\u98a8\u7269\uff0c\u4ef2\u6709\u7345\u5b50\u5c71\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u597d\u5feb\u4f62\u5730\u5c31\u96a8\u4f4f\u55f0\u5572\u6c34\u4efd\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u53ea\u6015\u90fd\u4fc2\u6210\u70ba\u5497\u6c34\u6c23\uff0c\u8b8a\u5497\u5e7d\u9748\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u61f7\u820a\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u300c\u57ce\u5df7\u4e4b\u90e8\u300d\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b\u6574\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u96c6\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u5730\u65b9\u300d\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u8a18\u61b6\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff1b\u7d93\u7531\u771f\u5be6\u800c\u52d5\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a8d\u540c\u611f\uff1b\u7d93\u7531\u610f\u8c61\u3001\u89c0\u5ff5\u548c\u7b26\u865f\u7b49\u5f62\u5851\u800c\u6210\u3002\u827e\u862d\uff0e\u666e\u862d\u7279\uff08Alan Pred\uff09\u5728\u3008\u7d50\u69cb\u6b77\u7a0b\u548c\u5730\u65b9\uff1a\u5730\u65b9\u611f\u548c\u611f\u89ba\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u3009\u8ad6\u5730\u65b9\u611f\u6642\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u300c\u5730\u65b9\u300d\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5ba2\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5ba2\u9ad4\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u96e3\u660e\u767d\u70ba\u4f55\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u6d89\u53ca\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u61f7\u820a\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u689d\u4e3b\u7dda\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u5927\u90fd\u7de3\u81ea\u4eba\u5011\u8207\u90a3\u500b\u7a7a\u9593\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u9023\u7e6b\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u611f\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u6ce8\u5165\u4eba\u6587\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u8ffd\u554f\uff0c\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u4ee5\u61f7\u820a\u70ba\u7dda\u7d22\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u63cf\u5beb\u901d\u53bb\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u98a8\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7d14\u7136\u70ba\u4e86\u61f7\u820a\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u9b42\uff0c\u91cd\u5851\u9999\u6e2f\u67d0\u4e9b\u6b77\u53f2\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\uff1f\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u62b5\u6297\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6307\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ef\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u767c\u5c55\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u5982\u586b\u6d77\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u8870\u843d\u3001\u820a\u5340\u91cd\u5efa\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u7368\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u4ee5\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u70ba\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7686\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6642\u4ee3\u6b65\u4f10\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6025\u901f\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7528\u61f7\u820a\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u6d88\u901d\u4e4b\u7269\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8a18\u61b6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5e38\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u53e5\uff1a\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u61f7\u820a\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8a18\u4f4f\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u6d88\u901d\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u6eab\u6696\u800c\u5805\u5f37\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u57ce\u5e02\u6587\u660e\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u4e4b\u53cd\u64a5\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u3008\u6b7b\u6c34\u540c\u6d3b\u6c34\u3009\u4e2d\u6c34\u751f\u89ba\u5f97\uff1a\u300c\u90fd\u4fc2\u4ee5\u524d\u5605\u793e\u6703\u597d\u3002\u4f62\u8eab\u908a\u597d\u591a\u5bb6\u9577\u90fd\u8a71\u54a9\u8d0f\u5728\u8d77\u8dd1\u7dda\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u6559\u5230\u5572\u4ed4\u5973\u5341\u9805\u5168\u80fd\uff0c\u7b49\u4f62\u5730\u5c07\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u4eba\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u4f62\u7d71\u7d71\u90fd\u5514\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f62\u5514\u671b\u500b\u5973\u5927\u5bcc\u5927\u8cb4\u5ac1\u500b\u6709\u9322\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u60f3\u4f62\u4e00\u4e16\u5065\u5eb7\u5feb\u6a02\u5c31\u5b89\u5fc3\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u56f0\u5c40\u3002\u6b64\u66f8\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u672c\u3008\u523a\u9ede\u3009\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u3008\u6d41\u52d5\u5b87\u5b99\u3009\u3001\u3008\u901d\u6c34\u3009\u3001\u3008\u4ed9\u5c71\u3009\u3001\u3008\u5e7d\u9748\u57ce\u5e02\u3009\u7b49\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e00\u9801\u6b4c\u8a5e\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7368\u767d\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u7686\u898b\u5230\u4f5c\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u6df1\u53d7\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52e2\u6240\u89f8\u52d5\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u9999\u6e2f\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u6b96\u6c11\uff0c\u5230\u56de\u6b78\u5f8c\u7684\u6c99\u58eb\u3001\u96e8\u5098\u9769\u547d\u3001\u53cd\u4fee\u4f8b\u6297\u722d\u904b\u52d5\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52e2\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6f0f\u5730\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7167\u7247caption\u3001\u6563\u6587\u3001\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u8005\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u61f7\u820a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u593e\u5e36\u8457\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u904e\u5f80\u3001\u7576\u4e0b\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u516c\u5171\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u4e2d\u5171\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u638c\u6b0a\u8005\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u61f7\u820a\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u628a\u8a18\u61b6\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b88\u8b77\u9999\u6e2f\u9019\u500b\u300c\u5bb6\u5712\u300d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u62b5\u6297\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u3008\u6d41\u52d5\u5b87\u5b99\u3009\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u9019\u500b\u5bb6\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u6c88\u6dea\uff0c\u4eca\u500b\u661f\u671f\u4eba\u5927\u6703\u8b70\u9084\u6703\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u89e3\u91cb\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\uff0c\u5217\u660e\u7acb\u6cd5\u6703\u8b70\u54e1\u5ba3\u8a93\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8aaa\u9999\u6e2f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5df2\u6b7b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u767e\u5e74\u57fa\u696d\u6bc0\u65bc\u4e00\u65e6\u3002\u6211\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u89aa\u621a\u57281997\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u79fb\u6c11\u5916\u570b\uff0c\u96e2\u68c4\u9999\u6e2f\u9019\u9593\u5feb\u8981\u5012\u584c\u7684\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u9023\u6211\u5abd\u4e5f\u8aaa\uff0c1997\u5e74\u5f8c\u5982\u679c\u5c40\u52e2\u52d5\u76ea\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u7406\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u8001\uff0c\u5feb\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6295\u9760\u8205\u7236\u3002\u4f46\u4f9d\u6200\u820a\u5730\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u5e38\u60c5\u55ce\uff1f\u6211\u6368\u4e0d\u5f97\u96e2\u958b\u9999\u6e2f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u9019\u6240\u623f\u5b50\u6709\u90e8\u4efd\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u4eba\u640d\u6bc0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u842c\u7269\u4e0d\u5c45\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u623f\u5b50\u6703\u8b8a\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u623f\u5b50\u6703\u8b8a\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u9999\u6e2f\u9019\u9593\u5730\u5716\u4e0a\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u4e5f\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u7528\u5ff5\u529b\u8207\u609f\u6027\u53bb\u7dad\u4fee\u9019\u9593\u7834\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u8ddf\u6bc0\u58de\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u5011\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5bb6\u5712\u4e0d\u81f3\u7070\u98db\u7159\u6ec5\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u9109\u571f\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u61f7\u820a\u5e36\u51fa\u9109\u571f\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9109\u571f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6240\u884d\u751f\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6d88\u901d\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f70\u986f\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a18\u61b6\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u62b5\u6297\u8d8a\u767c\u9ad8\u58d3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52e2\u4e4b\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u61f7\u820a\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u66fe\u7d93\u6709\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u6709\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u66fe\u7d93\u6709\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u9109\u571f\u7d93\u9a57\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u672c\u571f\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u8457\u4f86\u8def\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4e16\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u660e\u767d\u5b88\u5019\u5bb6\u5712\u6642\u8981\u5805\u5b88\u7684\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u6297\u722d\u5c0d\u8c61\u53c8\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u91cd\u9109\u571f\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u543e\u571f\u543e\u9109\u543e\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7e3d\u7d50\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u6309\u4e00\u822c\u8a55\u8ad6\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u6230\u5f8c\u9999\u6e2f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u5177\u6709\u672c\u571f\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u90a3\u5f9e\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u958b\u59cb\u8a08\u8d77\uff0c\u96e2\u4eca\u5df2\u7136\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u62ff\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u548c\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u516c\u5141\u7684\u3002\u7562\u7adf\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6210\u9577\u7d93\u6b77\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7b46\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u64b0\u5beb\u6b64\u5e8f\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5df2\u7d93\u9762\u5c0d\u8457\u9109\u571f\u7684\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u8981\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u4f5c\u70ba\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u904e\u4e86\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u518d\u5beb\u9109\u571f\uff0c\u518d\u8ac7\u672c\u571f\u610f\u8b58\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4e3b\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6280\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4f55\u5275\u65b0\u4e4b\u8655\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u6216\u8b80\u6b64\u66f8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7d55\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u9019\u500b\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u6b64\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5b9a\u70ba\u4f4d\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u73fe\u9109\u571f\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u672c\u571f\u8ad6\u8ff0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\u3002\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff1a\u904e\u4e86\u516d\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6f01\u6751\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b0\u754c\u8015\u725b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u56de\u61c9\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u751a\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u53c8\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u65b0\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u751a\u9ebc\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u7d50\u69cb\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u5c0d\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u5c0d\u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u672a\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a3b\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> Miller J. Hillis, <em>Topographies <\/em>(California: Stanford University Press, 1995), 3\u20134.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u8d99\u7a00\u65b9\uff1a\u3008\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u672c\u571f\u6027\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\uff1a\u5f9e\u300a\u8766\u7403\u50b3\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7aae\u5df7\u300b\u5230\u300a\u592a\u967d\u843d\u5c71\u4e86\u300b\u3009\uff3b\u7b46\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u8d99\u7a00\u65b9\u5beb\u300a\u592a\u967d\u843d\u5c71\u4e86\u300b\u61c9\u70ba\u7b46\u8aa4\uff0c\u61c9\u662f\u300a\u592a\u967d\u4e0b\u5c71\u4e86\u300b\uff3d\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u83ef\u6587\u6587\u5b78\u8ad6\u58c7\u300b\u7b2c 2 \u671f\uff081998\uff09\uff1a 9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u8aa0\u5982\u5b78\u8005\u9673\u5efa\u5fe0\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u7684\u6f01\u6751\u751f\u6d3b\u66f8\u5beb\u9817\u5177\u9109\u571f\u6c23\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ee5\u57ce\u3001\u5df7\u70ba\u984c\u6750\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u4e26\u975e\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u300c\u9109\u571f\u6587\u5b78\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9673\u5efa\u5fe0\u4ee5\u5730\u8a8c\u53ca\u672c\u571f\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u5207\u5165\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u7684\u9109\u571f\u66f8\u5beb\u3002\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u51b7\u6230\u8ff7\u9727\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u9109\u571f\u300d\uff1a\u8ad6\u8212\u5df7\u57ce 1950\u300160 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u8a8c\u66f8\u5beb\u8207\u672c\u571f\u610f\u8b58\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u5927\u4e2d\u6587\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c22\u671f\uff082014\uff09\uff1a161\u20132\u8a3b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u8521\u76ca\u61f7\uff1a\u3008\u543e\u571f\u543e\u9109\uff1a\u8212\u5df7\u57ce\u65e9\u671f\u5c0f\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7684\u672c\u571f\u60c5\u7d50\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u300b\u7b2c 13 \u671f\uff082001\u5e7410\u6708\uff09\uff1a135\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> \u5c91\u5b78\u654f\uff1a\u3008\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u571f\u5730\u8207\u6587\u5b78\u2500\u25002000\u5e74\u4ee3\u9999\u6e2f\u83ef\u8a9e\u8a9e\u7cfb\u8a69\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c47\u5377\u7b2c2\u671f\uff082018\uff09\uff1a95\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u9ec3\u53ef\u5049\uff1a\u300a\u507d\u96d9\u57ce\u7e6a\u5716\u8a8c\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u8702\u9ce5\uff0c2021\uff09\uff0c252\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> 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