{"id":3387,"date":"2021-05-23T16:24:24","date_gmt":"2021-05-23T08:24:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3387"},"modified":"2021-05-21T16:25:38","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T08:25:38","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%a5%91%e7%b4%84%e8%ab%96%e3%80%8b%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e9%ab%98%e8%b2%b4%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8e%e8%a0%bb%e3%80%81%e5%85%b1%e5%90%8c%e9%ab%94%e8%88%87%e4%b8%bb%e9%ab%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3387","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u300b\u2500\u2500\u9ad8\u8cb4\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u3001\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6240\u7279\u6307\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u76e7\u68ad\uff08<\/span>J. J. Rousseau<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u842c\u4eba\u5c0d\u842c\u4eba\u6230\u722d\uff08<\/span>bellum omnium contra omnes<\/span>\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u60f3\u50cf\u6279\u5224\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6cd5\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u59a8\u7919\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7406\u6027\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u4e5f\u5982\u540c\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u822c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u6feb\u7528\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u8cb4\u7684\u91ce\u883b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u76e7\u68ad\u8b9a\u63da\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u9ad8\u8cb4\u7684\u91ce\u883b\uff0c\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u5247\u662f\u5fb7\u884c\u58ae\u843d\u8207\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u555f\u8499\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u5be6\u8b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u9060\u96e2\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u8da8\u5411\u65bc\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9748\u9b42\u537b\u8d70\u5411\u8150\u673d\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u751f\u65bc\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff1b\u96c4\u8faf\u8853\u751f\u65bc\u91ce\u5fc3\u3001\u4ec7\u6068\u3001\u8ac2\u5a9a\u3001\u8b0a\u8a00\uff1b\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u751f\u65bc\u8caa\u5a6a\uff1b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u751f\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u5984\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7686\u751f\u6210\u65bc\u4eba\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u5168\u9760\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7f6a\u60e1\u800c\u751f\u3014<\/span>…\u3015<\/span>\u5b83\u5011\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u88e1\u4f86\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5962\u83ef\u4f86\u6ecb\u6f64\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8981\u85dd\u8853\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b78\u80fd\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u66b4\u541b\u3001\u6230\u722d\u8207\u9670\u8b00\u8005\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u53c8\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u53ea\u807d\u5f9e\u4eba\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u80fd\u628a\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u7528\u5728\u70ba\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u70ba\u4e86\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4e86\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7e3d\u4e4b\u9084\u6709\u8ab0\u6703\u7d42\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u5f9e\u4e8b\u90a3\u4e9b\u7121\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u6c88\u601d\u5462\uff1f[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u53cd\u601d\u662f\u758f\u96e2\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u53cd\u601d\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u9020\u6210\u9592\u6563\uff0c\u9592\u6563\u518d\u9020\u6210\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u5faa\u74b0\u800c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u7121\u7528\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u5c0d\u5584\u4e8b\u7684\u7121\u6240\u70ba\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u70ba\u800c\u6557\u5fb7\u300d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7372\u53d6\u5fb7\u884c\u50c5\u9700\u50be\u807d\u5167\u5fc3\u826f\u77e5\u5373\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u537b\u662f\u6587\u660e\u793e\u6703\u6240\u5331\u4e4f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6587\u660e\u8207\u7406\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u5373\u6709\u5169\u500b\u539f\u5247\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5247\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u71b1\u70c8\u95dc\u5fc3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u798f\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u539f\u5247\u5f15\u767c\u6211\u5011\u90a3\u7a2e\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u898b\u5230\u6709\u611f\u89ba\u52d5\u7269\u9762\u5c0d\u5371\u96aa\u6216\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5c6c\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u6d3b\u52d5\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u9019\u5169\u500b\u539f\u5247\u5354\u8abf\u8207\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u5f15\u5165\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff1b\u5c0d\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5747\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u3002\u7576\u7406\u6027\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u91cd\u5efa\u898f\u5247\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u9010\u6f38\u8986\u84cb\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6642\u5019\u3002\u3014<\/span>…\u3015<\/span>\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u70ba\u795e\u6240\u8aed\u4ee4\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u4eba\u4e16\u9593\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6b64\u4e8c\u539f\u5247\u5373\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6e90\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6190\u61ab\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ca\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u6177\u6168\u3001\u5bec\u6055\u3001\u95dc\u61f7\uff0c\u800c\u671f\u9593\u66f4\u9577\u7684\u6190\u61ab\u5247\u6210\u70ba\u53cb\u8abc\u8207\u5584\u826f\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u662f\u5f37\u70c8\u4e14\u7dca\u5bc6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u6587\u660e\u4eba\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u81ea\u91cd\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9810\u793a\u4e86\u5085\u79d1\u7684\u898f\u8a13\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1b\u800c\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u8aed\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u5247\u7b26\u61c9\u65bc\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8d85\u9a57\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9a\u7136\u5f8b\u4ee4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5340\u5206\u81ea\u91cd\u4e4b\u611b\uff08<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>I’ amour<\/span> propre\uff09<\/span>\u8207\u81ea\u4fdd\u4e4b\u611b\uff08<\/span>I’ amour<\/span> de soi\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u8eab\u9060\u91cd\u8981\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\u4e5f\u63a8\u5d07\u69ae\u8000\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u773e\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4e14\u4f5c\u70ba\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\u800c\u7121\u5f9e\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u51fa\u65bc\u60c5\u611f\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u6190\u61ab\u5c07\u6703\u8abf\u6574\u7406\u6027\u56e0\u800c\u7522\u751f\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u6190\u61ab\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6b63\u5728\u65bc\u7de9\u5176\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u76f8\u4e92\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u300c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6190\u61ab\u5fc3\u5177\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u9055\u6297\u5b83\u90a3\u6eab\u67d4\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u53d6\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u8207\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u300d<\/span>[4]<\/sup><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u7121\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7121\u77e5\uff0c<\/span>ignorance<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7121\u8f9c\u3002\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u4e0d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u6068\u300d\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5831\u5fa9\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u7dd2\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u53d7\u5230\u89f8\u72af\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u89f8\u72af\u4e26\u975e\u50b7\u5bb3\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u662f\u4fae\u8fb1\u8207\u52a0\u5bb3\u7684\u610f\u5716\u624d\u662f\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u4e14\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u4e5f\u7121\u77e5\u65bc\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u3001\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u77e5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6feb\u7528\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u77e5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7121\u77e5\u65bc\u597d\u4e5f\u5c07\u7121\u77e5\u65bc\u58de\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c07\u4e0d\u70ba\u5584\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u60e1\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u56e0\u70ba\u4e92\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u767c\u751f\u5c48\u5f9e\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u5974\u5f79\u3001\u7121\u4eba\u53d7\u5236\u65bc\u67b7\u9396\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u7121\u9700\u5f37\u8005\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6240\u8b02\u9ad8\u8cb4\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u662f\u56e0\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\u4f86\u8a55\u50f9\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5be9\u8996\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4eba\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u58ae\u843d\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u662f\u7f6a\u60e1\u4e4b\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u6587\u660e\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u7684\u89c0\u773e\u5247\u662f\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u8207\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u662f\u4ed6\u4eba\u800c\u6d3b\uff1f\u865b\u69ae\u7684\u767c\u840c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u85d0\u8996\u3001\u7f9e\u6065\u3001\u5ac9\u5992\u840c\u767c\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u793e\u6703\u8d70\u5411\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u60e1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u6587\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5708\u8d77\u4e00\u584a\u5730\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u81bd\u6562\u5ba3\u7a31\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u53c8\u8a8d\u70ba\u5468\u906d\u7684\u4eba\u7c21\u55ae\u5230\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5275\u5efa\u4eba\u3002[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u65bc\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5efa\u7acb\u57f7\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u5c07\u5408\u6cd5\u6b0a\u5229\u6539\u70ba\u5c08\u65b7\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u4f9d\u5e8f\u767c\u751f\u8ca7\u5bcc\u72c0\u614b\u3001\u5f37\u5f31\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u4e3b\u50d5\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5c07\u6301\u7e8c\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u9769\u547d\u63a8\u7ffb\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u539f\u5148\u653f\u5e9c\u8da8\u5411\u65bc\u5408\u6cd5\u72c0\u614b\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c08\u5236\u62ac\u982d\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u56de\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u751a\u9ebc\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u7684\u898f\u5247\u662f\u5f37\u6b0a\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8150\u6557\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5c24\u5176\uff0c\u8ca1\u7522\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e0d\u50cf\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u751f\u547d\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u653e\u68c4\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u5fc3\u9748\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5373\u4fbf\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u60b2\u6158\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5fc3\u9748\u5e73\u975c\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u5230\u8655\u62b1\u6028\u751f\u5b58\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u5247\u4e0d\u6703\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u6211\u4e86\u7d50\u3002\u6587\u660e\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6d3b\u52d5\u4f7f\u5f97\u500b\u4eba\u758f\u96e2\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u4e86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u56e0\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u8af8\u591a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u7684\u7121\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u555f\u8499\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u537b\u662f\u5b89\u5be7\u7684\uff0c\u555f\u8499\u53cd\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u60e1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f46\u70ba\u4e86\u9762\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u76e7\u68ad\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7de0\u7d04\u8005\u5c07\u6b0a\u5229\uff08\u529b\uff09\u8f49\u8b93\u4e88\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\uff0c\u76e7\u68ad\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u627f\u8f09\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u53d6\u4ee3\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u800c\u6709\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u6613\uff0c\u5f9e\u570b\u5bb6\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4eba\u6c11\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u8207\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u7576\u4f9d\u9644\u95dc\u4fc2\u89e3\u9664\u6062\u5fa9\u7368\u7acb\u5f8c\u7684\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6240\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7d04\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f37\u529b\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u6b0a\u5229[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7d04\u5b9a\u624d\u662f\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u800c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u9996\u9818\u662f\u7236\u89aa\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u53ea\u70ba\u5229\u5df1\u624d\u6703\u8f49\u8b93\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u5b58\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u56f0\u96e3\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u6191\u7740\u672c\u80fd\u5c0d\u6297\uff0c\u5728\u7121\u6cd5\u7368\u81ea\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u70ba\u8a72\u9996\u8981\u6cd5\u5247\u904b\u7528\u5df2\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u9808\u7531\u773e\u4eba\u7de0\u7d04\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u5275\u9020\u5229\u7dad\u5766\u662f\u6d88\u6975\u5730\u7d50\u675f\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u76e7\u68ad\u6240\u5275\u9020\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u662f\u7a4d\u6975\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8a02\u7d04\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6beb\u7121\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5c07\u5168\u6578\u6b0a\u5229\u8f49\u8b93\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5411\u5168\u9ad4\u5949\u737b\u81ea\u5df1\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6c92\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5949\u737b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u4e14\u5f9e\u6bcf\u4e00\u7de0\u7d04\u8005\u8655\u6bcf\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u8b93\u6e21\u7684\u7b49\u50f9\u7269\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u96b8\u5c6c\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u4e92\u4e0d\u96b8\u5c6c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f9d\u7136\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u7372\u53d6\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u4e26\u4eab\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f49\u8b93\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e4b\u4e00\u90e8\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e92\u70ba\u5c0d\u50f9\u3002\u9019\u7d04\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u96c6\u6b0a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u7f6e\u65bc\u516c\u610f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u5c0e\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e2d\u63a5\u7d0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u54e1\u4f5c\u70ba\u5168\u9ad4\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u300d[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u670d\u5f9e\u6574\u9ad4\u53ea\u662f\u670d\u5f9e\u81ea\u8eab\u4e4b\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u82e5\u7d04\u5b9a\u906d\u5230\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6062\u5fa9\u539f\u5148\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u5c07\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee5\u9053\u5fb7\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u5011\u5118\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u529b\u91cf\u4e0a\u548c\u624d\u667a\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u7d04\u5b9a\u4e26\u4e14\u6839\u64da\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u537b\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u300d[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5247\u662f\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\uff08<\/span>General Will<\/span>\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u500b\u5225\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u5fd7\u4e4b\u7e3d\u548c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u7a31\u70ba\u7e3d\u610f\u5fd7\uff08<\/span>will of all<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u4ee5\u79c1\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\u662f\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u8868\u73fe\u5373\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\u662f\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u4e0d\u53d7\u62d8\u675f\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u7d55\u5c0d\u670d\u5f9e\uff0c\u300c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6c7a\u65b7\u7e3d\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u505a\u51fa\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76e7\u68ad\u624d\u80fd\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u610f\u9858\u7684\u7e3d\u662f\u5584\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u898f\u7bc4\u62d8\u675f\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u4f5c\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300d[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8005\u662f\u7531\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5404\u4eba\u6240\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u6545\u7121\u8207\u5176\u7b49\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u53cd\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u4f7f\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u8457\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u62d2\u7d55\u4e0d\u670d\u5f9e\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u670d\u5f9e\uff0c\u5f37\u8feb\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u3002[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9032\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u80fd\u88ab\u6b63\u7fa9\u7d66\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u884c\u52d5\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u793e\u6703\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u6b04\u5167\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u624d\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u50c5\u53ea\u6709\u55dc\u6b32\u7684\u885d\u52d5\u4fbf\u662f\u5974\u96b8\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u552f\u6709\u670d\u5f9e\u4eba\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u300d[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u500b\u9ad4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u662f\u88ab\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u4f9d\u7167 <\/span>Sheldon Wolin <\/span>\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u53d6\u5411\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5c0e\u5411\u4eba\u6c11\u5718\u7d50\u6574\u5408\u70ba\u4e00\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u5c0e\u5411\u4eba\u6c11\u81ea\u6211\u5206\u88c2\u70ba\u4e8c\uff1b\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u516c\u6c11\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u53d7\u6b0a\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6f5b\u5728\u53cd\u6297\u6b0a\u529b\u4e4b\u300e\u79c1\u6c11\u300f\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u300d[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c<\/span>subject<\/span>\u540c\u6709\u5b50\u6c11\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u96d6\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b0a\u529b\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8aaa\u660e\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u61c9\u670d\u5f9e\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5efa\u69cb\u300c\u96c6\u9ad4\u4eba\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff08<\/span>peoplehood<\/span>\uff09\u300d\u8996\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u672c\u4f4d\u53d6\u5f97\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u7acb\u8db3\u9ede\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u552f\u6709\u5047\u4e00\u500b\u513c\u7136\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7d71\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u540d\u7fa9\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u624d\u7a31\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u5168\u9ad4\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u610f\u8c61\uff1b\u4e5f\u552f\u6709\u5168\u6c11\u798f\u7949\u3001\u570b\u65cf\u547d\u904b\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u8aaa\u8fad\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8b93\u570b\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u53d6\u5f97\u512a\u5148\u6027\u3002\u653e\u68c4\u300e\u4eba\u6c11\u300f\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u7acb\u523b\u6dea\u70ba\u5c08\u65b7\u3001\u6063\u610f\u3001\u8207\u6574\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u7fa4\u812b\u96e2\u7684\u7570\u7269\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5584\u7528\u300e\u4eba\u6c11\u300f\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u7acb\u523b\u6210\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u8005\u3001\u6ecb\u990a\u8005\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u8005\u3001\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u5c0d\u5167\u58d3\u6291\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u8207\u7570\u985e\uff0c\u5c0d\u5916\u62b5\u6297\u5916\u4f86\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6311\u6230\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u81ea\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u767c\u73fe\u570b\u5bb6\u7406\u6027\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u627f\u7e7c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6\u958b\u7aef\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e0b\u6240\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7fa9\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u6ce2\u57c3\u897f\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u9858\u70ba\u5974\u300b\u4e2d\u5c31\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e\u8868\u8c61\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u5728\u7d71\u6cbb\u591a\u6578\u4eba\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u70ba\u4f55\u81ea\u9858\u70ba\u5974\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u9019\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u662f\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u53cd\u9762\u5730\u89e3\u8b80\u537b\u6b63\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u9806\u5f9e\u624d\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u81ea\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u670d\u5f9e\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u82e5\u81ea\u7531\u53ea\u8981\u6e34\u671b\u4fbf\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u55ae\u55ae\u662f\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u9019\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u96e3\u9053\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u54ea\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9858\u671b\u662f\u592a\u9ad8\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\uff1f\u3014<\/span>…\u3015<\/span>\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u751a\u9ebc\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f9b\u7d66\u3001\u4e00\u9ede\u4e5f\u4e0d\u670d\u5f9e\uff0c\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u7121\u9700\u6230\u9b25\u6216\u58d3\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d64\u8eab\u88f8\u9ad4\u3001\u571f\u5d29\u74e6\u89e3\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6a39\u6839\u82e5\u5931\u53bb\u990a\u5206\uff0c\u6a39\u6839\u7d42\u5c07\u4e7e\u67af\u6b86\u76e1\u3002[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u6ef4\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u990a\u5206\uff0c\u4f9b\u990a\u4e86\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u5bb0\u4f60\u5011\u547d\u904b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4f60\u5011\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u96d9\u773c\u775b\u3001\u4e00\u96d9\u624b\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u8ec0\u9ad4\uff0c\u548c\u4f60\u5011\u57ce\u88e1\u70ba\u6578\u773e\u591a\u3001\u6578\u4e4b\u4e0d\u76e1\u7684\u4eba\u7576\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f60\u5011\u6240\u8ce6\u4e88\u4ed6\uff0c\u537b\u8b93\u4ed6\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u6467\u6bc0\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u9019\u756a\u512a\u52e2\u3002\u4ed6\u54ea\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u96d9\u773c\u775b\u4f86\u8996\u5bdf\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u5011\u70ba\u4ed6\u775c\u5713\u4e86\u96d9\u773c\uff1f\u4ed6\u54ea\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u96d9\u624b\u4f86\u97ad\u6253\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u4f60\u5011\u5411\u4ed6\u51fa\u501f\u4e86\u96d9\u624b\uff1f\u4ed6\u54ea\u4f86\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u96d9\u8173\u4f86\u8e10\u8e0f\u4f60\u5011\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u4f60\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96d9\u8173\uff1f\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4f60\u5011\uff0c\u4ed6\u54ea\u4f86\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u65bd\u5c55\u5728\u4f60\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\uff1f[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u812b\u80ce\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u5361\u8b2c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u4e03\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u7406\u6027\u50f5\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u8d85\u9a57\u7684\u3002\u300d[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u800c\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u8b93\u6e21\u5275\u8a2d\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u4ee5\u7d71\u6cbb\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u500b\u4eba\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u7d71\u5fa1\u81ea\u8eab\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u65bc\u7109\u51fa\u73fe\u6211\u5011\u6240\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u53c8\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u5176\u7406\u6027\u6bba\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u5f12\u795e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f12\u7236\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8a95\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0J.J Rousseau\u8457\uff0c\u82d1\u8209\u6b63\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u5fb7\u884c\u58ae\u843d\u8207\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u806f\u7d93\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9801248-254<\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0c\u9801<\/span>81-88\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8<\/span>\uff0c\u9801<\/span>213-219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u9801<\/span>248-254\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0c<\/span>\u9801<\/span>261\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u300c\u5f37\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u5f37\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u5411\u5f37\u529b\u5c48\u670d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff1b\u5b83\u6700\u591a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u660e\u667a\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u5df2\u3002\uff3b\u2026\uff3d<\/span>\u59d1\u4e14\u7a2e\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff3b\u2026\uff3d<\/span>\u53ea\u8981\u5f62<\/span>\u6210\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u662f\u5f37\u529b\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u96a8\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\uff1b\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u524d\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5f37\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u63a5\u66ff\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\uff3b\u2026\uff3d<\/span>\u7136\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u96a8\u5f37\u529b\u7684\u7d42\u6b62\u4fbf\u544a\u6d88\u6ec5\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u53c8\u7b97\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u7528\u5f37\u529b\u4f7f\u4eba\u670d\u5f9e\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c31\u7121\u9700\u6839\u64da\u7fa9\u52d9\u800c\u670d\u5f9e\u4e86\uff1b\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u88ab\u8feb\u670d\u5f9e\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u670d\u5f9e\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002\uff3b\u2026\uff3d<\/span>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c31\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\uff1a\u5f37\u529b\u4e26\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u624d\u6709\u670d\u5f9e\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002\u300d\u5f15\u81ea<\/span>\u00a0J. J. Rousseau<\/span>\u8457\uff0c<\/span>\u4f55\u5146\u6b66\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u5510\u5c71\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1987\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u9801<\/span>12-13\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0c<\/span>\u9801<\/span>24-26\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0c\u980137-38\u3002<\/p>\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u674e\u97cb\u5747\uff0c\u3008\u5229\u7dad\u5766<\/span>\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u9762\u8c8c\uff1a\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u5c0d\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u570b\u5bb6\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u8207\u6539\u9020\u3009\uff08\u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c2009\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u9801<\/span>63-67\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u76e7\u68ad\u96d6\u7136\u63a8\u5d07\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u61f7\u7591\u5c0d\u666e\u904d\u5730\u60e1\u76fc\u6bb5\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6574\u9ad4\u96d6\u60f3\u671b\u5e78\u798f\uff0c<\/span>\u4f46\u537b\u7121\u6cd5\u6c38\u9060\u90fd\u770b\u6e05\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u300c\u300e\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u6307\u5c0e\u300e\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\u300f\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u537b\u6c38\u9060\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3002\u300f\u7c21\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u76e7\u68ad\u8ce6\u4e88\u4eba\u6c11\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e5f\u61f7\u7591\u9019\u500b\u6b0a\u529b\u5728\u904b\u4f5c\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u777f\u667a\u3002\u300d\u8521\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u300a\u5f9e\u738b\u6b0a\u3001\u5c08\u5236\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u958b\u5c55\u53ca\u5176\u554f\u984c\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u806f\u7d93\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2015\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9801<\/span>122\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u540c\u6ce86<\/span>\uff0c\u9801<\/span>34\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u8521\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u3008\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u57fa\u790e\u53ca\u5176\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u4e4b\u7406\u64da\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u860a\u542b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u3009\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u601d\u300b\uff0c\u8521\u82f1\u6587\u3001\u5f35\u798f\u5efa \u4e3b\u7de8\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e2d\u5c71\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9801<\/span>24-25\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u738b\u632f\u5bf0<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u9322\u6c38\u7965\uff0c\u3008\u9081\u5411\u65b0\u570b\u5bb6\uff1f\u6c11\u7cb9\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u554f\u984c\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u671f\uff081995\u5e748\u6708\uff09\ufe30<\/span>44-46\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00c9tienne de La Bo\u00e9tie \uff0c<\/span>\u5b6b\u6709\u84c9\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u9858\u70ba\u5974\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u524d\u885b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9801<\/span>53-55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0c\u9801<\/span>56-57\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Albert Camus<\/span>\u8457\uff0c\u56b4\u6167\u7469\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u53cd\u6297\u8005\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\ufe30\u5927\u584a\u6587\u5316\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9801<\/span>212\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u3000\u3000\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6240\u7279\u6307\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u76e7\u68ad\uff08J. J. Rousseau\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u842c\u4eba\u5c0d\u842c\u4eba\u6230\u722d\uff08bellum omnium contra omnes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":132,"featured_media":3405,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[428,2],"tags":[425,2838,2835,2837,2833,2834,2764,2836],"ppma_author":[1206],"aioseo_notices":[],"authors":[{"term_id":1206,"user_id":121,"is_guest":0,"slug":"tsengyuyu","display_name":"\u66fe\u53cb\u4fde","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/59c259bd726edfb99d80fdaa799cab18?s=96&d=mm&r=g","first_name":"\u66fe\u53cb\u4fde","last_name":"","user_url":"","description":""}],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3387"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/132"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3387"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3387\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3387"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=3387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}