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400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u9664\u4e86\u6642\u6bb5\u5283\u5206\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8ad6\u8457\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u3001\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u6558\u4e8b\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u6309\u7740\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5546\u54c1\u300d\u548c\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5404\u500b\u8ad6\u8005\u5206\u5225\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u5404\u96c6\u5718\u5728\u822a\u6d77\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u53c3\u8207\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6d77\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6d41\u5834\u6240\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u300c\u6d0b\u4eba\u300d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u5c40\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u986f\u793a\u6d77\u4e0a\u904b\u8f38\u8ca8\u7269\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53ca\u6b77\u53f2\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u5f9e\u8ca8\u7269\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6771\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u800c\u6bcf\u7ae0\u6700\u5f8c\u95dc\u65bc\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u8207\u300c\u60c5\u5831\u300d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u6587\u85dd\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7b49\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u300c\u958b\u653e\u4e4b\u6d77\u57df\u300d\uff081250-1350\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span 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400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8ad6\u8457\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u6d77\u5546\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u8cbf\u6613\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u5b8b\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u64f4\u5927\u52e2\u529b\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u6574\u7247\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u52e2\u529b\u9032\u8ecd\u6771\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u52d5\u6416\u6574\u7247\u6d77\u57df\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6771\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6d77\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6d41\u4ee5\u6d77\u4e0a\u8cbf\u6613\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u6771\u6d77\u548c\u5357\u6d77\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u958b\u653e\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u300c\u7570\u65cf\u300d\u4f86\u4f86\u5f80\u5f80\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u500b\u5730\u5340\u5f62\u6210\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7db2\u7d61\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u6d77\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u5404\u7d1a\u653f\u6cbb\u52e2\u529b\u5c0d\u6d77\u4e0a\u8cbf\u6613\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u76f8\u5c0d\u5bec\u9b06\u6216\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u570b\u5bb6\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e5f\u6709\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8499\u53e4\u52e2\u529b\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u6d77\u9678\u5169\u8def\u5ee3\u57df\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u8207\u4e9e\u6d32\u6d77\u57df\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9802\u5cf0\u3002\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u9678\u4e0a\u9738\u6b0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u6771\u6d77\u3001\u5357\u6d77\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u3001\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7b49\u6d77\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6d41\u6838\u5fc3\u9023\u6210\u4e00\u7247\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8207\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u4e3b\u5e79\u7dda\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u5927\u74b0\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u9019\u5927\u74b0\u6d41\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u50b3\u64ad\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e36\u4f86\u7570\u6587\u5316\u5171\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u99ac\u53ef\u5b5b\u7f85\uff08Marco Polo\uff09\u548c\u4f0a\u672c\u5df4\u5716\u5854\uff08Ibn Battuta\uff09\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u773e\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u51fa\u8eab\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u88ab\u7576\u5730\u653f\u6b0a\u6ef2\u900f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5728\u8a72\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u5f62\u6210\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u57fa\u5730\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u5340\u5c0d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u904a\u5ba2\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u78c1\u9435\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u6d77\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u8cbf\u6613\u5c24\u5176\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u6cc9\u5dde\uff0c\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u7570\u6587\u5316\u5171\u751f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002\u99ac\u53ef\u5b5b\u7f85\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5546\u8239\u548c\u83ef\u5357\u5404\u5730\u5546\u4eba\u4e0d\u65b7\u62b5\u9054\u6cc9\u5dde\u6e2f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4ee5\u5357\u6d77\u70ba\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6771\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u8207\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u9023\u6210\u4e00\u7247\uff0c\u6cc9\u5dde\u662f\u6d77\u9678\u822a\u7dda\u7684\u7d10\u5e36\u3002\u4f86\u81ea\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4f0a\u672c\u5df4\u5716\u5854\uff0c\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c0d\u6cc9\u5dde\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\uff1a\u300c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u3014\u2026\u3015\u4e00\u500b\u6211\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6642\u6b20\u4e0b\u9322\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5546\u4eba\u4e2d\u6700\u4e56\u5de7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u300a\u53e4\u862d\u7d93\u300b\u7684\u8aa6\u8b80\u8005\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5546\u4eba\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7570\u6559\u7684\u5c0f\u93ae\uff3b\u6cc9\u5dde\uff3d\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4f86\u62dc\u8a2a\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u8208\u63a5\u898b\u3002\u5546\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u5f37\u8abf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u559c\u6085\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u7d66\u4ed6\u65bd\u6368\uff0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u662f\u5f9e\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u7684\u570b\u5ea6\u4f86\u7684\uff01\u300f\u3002\u90a3\u9ebd\uff0c\u904a\u5ba2\u5c31\u6703\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u5546\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u5bcc\u8cb4\u800c\u6b78\u3002\u300d\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5546\u4eba\u901a\u904e\u5927\u74b0\u6d41\u5728\u6cc9\u5dde\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u64da\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5230\u4e86\u6cc9\u5dde\u53ea\u8981\u8aa6\u8b80\u300a\u53e4\u862d\u7d93\u300b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u9678\u8def\u76db\u884c\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.\u300c\u885d\u7a81\u4e4b\u6d77\u57df\u300d\uff081500-1600\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u660e\u671d\u5f8c\u534a\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6642\u671f\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u6d77\u4e0a\u52e2\u529b\u53cd\u6297\u660e\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u52d5\u6416\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9e\u534a\u5cf6\u65b0\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u9032\u5165\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u885d\u7a81\u4e4b\u6d77\u57df\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u660e\u671d\u8a66\u5716\u7dad\u6301\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u5916\u570b\u5c55\u958b\u300c\u885d\u7a81\u300d\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u885d\u7a81\u300d\u8d8a\u6f14\u8d8a\u70c8\uff0c\u6f14\u8b8a\u70ba\u83ef\u4eba\u6d77\u5546\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8d70\u79c1\u8cbf\u6613\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u8207\u5916\u570b\u8239\u96bb\u5728\u5ee3\u5dde\u9644\u8fd1\u6d77\u57df\u7684\u300c\u4e92\u60e0\u5e02\u5834\u300d\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4f54\u9818\u4e86\u970d\u723e\u6728\u8332\u3001\u679c\u963f\u3001\u99ac\u516d\u7532\u7b49\u4e9e\u6d32\u6d77\u4e0a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u596a\u53d6\u6d77\u4e0a\u8cbf\u6613\u4e3b\u7dda\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f46\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5546\u4eba\u958b\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u57fa\u5730\u548c\u822a\u7dda\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6771\u4e9e\u548c\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u52a0\u5287\u3002\u5728\u6771\u6d77\u548c\u5357\u6d77\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u8208\u52e2\u529b\u5728\u8cbf\u6613\u6f6e\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u63a7\u5236\u6d77\u4e0a\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u6d77\u4e0a\u8cbf\u6613\u5229\u6f64\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u529b\u91cf\u8207\u4ee5\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u6d0b\u706b\u5668\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u5c55\u958b\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5728\u9019\u52d5\u76ea\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u502d\u5bc7\u3001\u6d77\u8cca\u8207\u6c34\u8ecd\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u6d77\u57df\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u502d\u5bc7\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5f9e\u65e5\u672c\u8d8a\u5883\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u671d\u9bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u63a0\u596a\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6d77\u76dc\u3002\u300c\u502d\u5bc7\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u4eba<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u6307\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u3002\u800c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u65e5\u8a9e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8a71\u8005\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u81ea\u7a31\u300c\u502d\u5bc7\u300d\u3002\u300c\u502d\u5bc7\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u5728\u671d\u9bae\u738b\u671d\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u660e\u671d\u88ab\u6536\u5165\u8fad\u66f8\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u9593\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u570b\u6cbf\u6d77\u906d\u53d7\u7834\u58de\u6700\u5927\u7684\u662f\u6c5f\u5357\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u5730\u5340\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u300c\u502d\u5bc7\u300d\u66ab\u6642\u4f54\u9818\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u57ce\u6c60\u6210\u70ba\u6230\u5834\u3002\u6709\u9322\u7684\u4eba\u9003\u5230\u4e86\u7e23\u57ce\u3001\u90e1\u57ce\u7b49\u5be8\u5b50\u88e1\uff0c\u800c\u4f43\u6236\u3001\u6c99\u6c11\u7b49\u5c0f\u6c11\u5247\u9760\u628a\u5b98\u8ecd\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u8ce3\u7d66\u571f\u532a\u8b00\u751f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u6cbf\u6d77\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65e5\u672c\u5217\u5cf6\u4e5f\u9023\u5e74\u53d7\u300c\u502d\u5bc7\u300d\u5165\u4fb5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6d77\u76dc\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u9304\u4e2d\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u6d77\u6d0b\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u8005\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u8ca0\u8cac\u4fdd\u8b77\u8239\u96bb\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a0\u596a\u8005\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u8239\u96bb\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d77\u76dc\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u5b88\u885b\u300d\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b49\u822a\u5411\u548c\u907f\u958b\u5176\u4ed6\u6d77\u76dc\u3002\u7136\u800c\u300c\u6d77\u76dc\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u6d77\u76dc\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u5f9e\u4e8b\u822a\u904b\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u3001\u6f01\u696d\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u696d\u52d9\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u96dc\u724c\u4e0b\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6d77\u4e4b\u96dc\u5175\u300d\u3002\u5728\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u5931\u6536\u3001\u6230\u4e82\u662f\u5e38\u614b\uff0c\u6230\u5834\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u6d77\u4e4b\u96dc\u5175\u300d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u300c\u502d\u5bc7\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u751f\u8a08\u7684\u597d\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5c40\u52e2\u4e0d\u7a69\u7684\u6d77\u57df\uff0c\u80fd\u9020\u5c31\u5927\u91cf\u300c\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u300d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7559\u843d\u4ed6\u9109\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5225\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6210\u70ba\u50d1\u6c11\uff0c\u843d\u5730\u751f\u6839\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u300c\u5206\u9694\u4e4b\u6d77\u57df\u300d\uff081700-1800\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0a\u534a\u8449\u662f\u6771\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8f49\u6369\u9ede\u3002\u6e05\u671d\u5728\u570d\u653b\u53f0\u7063\u53cd\u6e05\u653f\u6b0a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u5f8c\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u5c45\u6c11\u51fa\u6d77\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5546\u8239\u5728\u6771\u6d77\u548c\u5357\u6d77\u5f80\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5be6\u884c\u7ba1\u5236\u8cbf\u6613\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u9577\u5d0e\uff0c\u5510\u8239\u592a\u591a\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u5927\u554f\u984c\u3002\u800c\u8377\u862d\u6771\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u958b\u59cb\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u5546\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u552f\u4e00\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u53c3\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u5fb7\u5ddd\u653f\u6b0a\u884c\u653f\u8cbf\u6613\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\uff0c\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u9678\u4e0a\u52e2\u529b\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u63ee\u5a01\u529b\uff0c\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u662f\u6d77\u4e0a\u52e2\u529b\u9010\u6f38\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7368\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u9678\u4e0a\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u8655\u7406\u5177\u4ee5\u4e0a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6771\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u53f2\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5edd\u6bba\u7684\u5927\u6d6a\u9010\u6f38\u5e73\u606f\u5f8c\u7684\u6d77\u57df\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u6d77\u57df\u5283\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u6771\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u5c07\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u9d09\u7247\u6230\u722d\u70ba\u8c61\u5fb5\u7684\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u9010\u6f38\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u51fa\u5165\u570b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c45\u7559\u554f\u984c\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\uff0c\u6d77\u57df\u7684\u7269\u8207\u60c5\u5831\u4ea4\u63db\u4e5f\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u7d66\u793e\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f49\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9077\u5f80\u4ee5\u524d\u6c92\u6709\u958b\u767c\u7684\u5c71\u5340\u3002\u5728\u5c71\u5340\uff0c\u5357\u7f8e\u672c\u5730\u7684\u4f5c\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u7518\u85af\u548c\u7389\u7c73\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u7a2e\u690d\u5c0f\u9ea5\u7684\u5c71\u5761\u4e0a\u7a2e\u690d\uff0c\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7518\u85af\u4f5c\u70ba\u6551\u707d\u4f5c\u7269\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u671d\u9bae\u88ab\u78ba\u7acb\u70ba\u7dad\u6301\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u5883\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5ee3\u6771\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u8d8a\u5357\u6e44\u516c\u6cb3\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u3001\u5a46\u7f85\u6d32\u5cf6\u7b49\u5357\u6d77\u672a\u958b\u767c\u5730\u5340\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u64d4\u7576\u8fb2\u696d\u571f\u5730\u958b\u767c\u548c\u7576\u5730\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8077\u696d\u591a\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u7926\u3001\u932b\u7926\u7684\u52de\u5de5\uff0c\u7cd6\u5712\u7b49\u8fb2\u696d\u52de\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e44\u516c\u6cb3\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u7684\u5148\u92d2\u8fb2\u6c11\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u6771\u6d77\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u653f\u6b0a\u6216\u9650\u5236\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u672c\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u524d\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u70ba\u6771\u6d77\u5468\u908a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u300d\u505a\u4e86\u6e96\u5099\u3002\u5357\u6d77\u6d77\u5cb8\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6578\u91cf\u6025\u5287\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u8840\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u6a23\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5805\u6301\u7956\u570b\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5abd\u7956\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5247\u7688\u4f9d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u8207\u7576\u5730\u793e\u6703\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u6885\u65af\u8482\u7d22\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5510\u4eba\u8857\uff0c\u5982\u6cf0\u570b\u7063\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u83ef\u4eba\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5b8b\u5361\u5e9c\u7684\u5433\u6c0f\u3001\u6cb3\u4ed9\u5e02\u7684\u912d\u6c0f\u7b49\uff0c\u66f4\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u534a\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u6771\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u4e0a\u4eba\u3001\u7269\u8207\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u5f9e\u672a\u9593\u65b7\uff0c\u55ae\u5f9e\u4ee5\u9678\u5730\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u53f2\u89c0\u8003\u5bdf\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u300c\u5076\u7136\u300d\u6216\u300c\u65b7\u88c2\u300d\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u6d77\u57df\u800c\u627e\u51fa\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9023\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u300c\u6d77\u57df\u300d\u5c0d\u300c\u9678\u5730\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u8de8\u8d8a\u300d\u6291\u6216\u300c\u7e31\u5bb9\u300d?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u300c\u6d77\u57df\u4e9e\u6d32\u53f2\u300d\u7684\u78ba\u80fd\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u5e36\u4f86\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u300c\u53bb\u7586\u57df\u5316\u300d\uff08de-territorialization\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u300c\u53bb\u7586\u57df\u5316\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u7262\u56fa\u7684 \u300c\u5730\u65b9 \u300d\u6216 \u300c\u570b\u5bb6 \u300d\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u8eab\u4efd\u5df2\u7d93\u8207\u9060\u65b9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7d93\u9a57\u4ea4\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6216\u88ab\u5176\u6ef2\u900f\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5e15\u5e15\u71b1\u8cc8\u8fea\u65af\uff08Nikos Papastergiadis\uff09\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u53bb\u7586\u57df\u5316\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u300c\u5730\u9ede\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9769\u767c\u751f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u300d\uff082004: 300\uff09\u3002\u8ffd\u8e64\u4eba\u5011\u7d93\u6d77\u6d0b\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u8cbf\u6613\u9019\u7a2e\u8de8\u8d8a\u570b\u754c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6642\uff0c\u6b63\u6b63\u80fd\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9769\u8868\u9732\u7121\u907a\u3002\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9769\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e\u617e\u671b\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u65bc\u751a\u9ebc\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u8d8a\u904e\u908a\u754c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u7e7c\u800c\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e26\u6311\u6230\u5404\u7a2e\u908a\u754c\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u300c\u8de8\u570b\u300d\uff08transnational\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u4f5c\u70ba\u8abf\u67e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u300d\u5931\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u5176\u4ed6\u5177\u8de8\u8d8a\u6027\u8996\u91ce\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u5c0a\u91cd\u6709\u95dc\u6587\u672c\u5c0d\u672c\u571f\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\uff08Ashcroft 2009: 13\uff09\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f7f\u300c\u8de8\u570b\u300d\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5e4c\u5b50\uff0c\u7e31\u5bb9\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b98\u5fcd\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u53f2\u78a7\u83ef\uff08Gayatri Spivak\uff09\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u985b\u5012\u3001\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e26\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u50f9\u503c\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u300d\uff081990: 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