{"id":3180,"date":"2021-03-07T14:25:16","date_gmt":"2021-03-07T06:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3180"},"modified":"2021-03-08T12:50:18","modified_gmt":"2021-03-08T04:50:18","slug":"%e3%80%90%e3%80%8asample%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%8d%81%e6%9c%9f%e3%80%8c%e6%b5%b7%e6%b4%8b%e5%9b%9b%e7%b6%ad%e9%ab%94%e3%80%8d%e3%80%91%e5%a1%94%e6%8b%89%e8%96%a9%e7%9a%84%e5%91%bc%e5%8f%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3180","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u300aSAMPLE\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u671f\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u56db\u7dad\u9ad4\u300d\u3011\u5854\u62c9\u85a9\u7684\u547c\u53ec\u2014\u2014\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u5fa9\u6b78\u8aaa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u81ea\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u5927\u6d77\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u83ab\u540d\u7684\u56ae\u5f80\uff0c\u7531\u707d\u96e3\u7d00\u9304\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u7d93\u9a57\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u300c\u5927\u6d77\uff1d\u5371\u96aa\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u6d77\u6d0b\u90a3\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u6297\u8861\u3002\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u611f\u89ba\u300d\uff08oceanic feeling\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u6b77\u4ee3\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u3001\u8a69\u6b4c\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u8207\u300c\u842c\u7269\u4e4b\u6bcd\u300d\u3001\u300c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u300d\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u4e92\u6263\u9023\u3002\u5c0d\u4ee5\u89e3\u69cb\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u7d50\u69cb\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u8aaa\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u83ab\u540d\u7684\u56ae\u5f80\u3001\u885d\u52d5\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u5f85\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5207\u5165\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5927\u5e2b\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\uff08S\u00e1ndor Ferenczi\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5854\u62c9\u85a9\uff1a\u751f\u6b96\u529b\u7406\u8ad6\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thalassa: A Theory of Genitality<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u4fbf\u66fe\u7d93\u5c0d\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7d50\u5408\u7a2e\u7cfb\u767c\u751f\u5b78\uff08phylogenesis\uff09\u53ca\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u751f\u5b78\uff08ontogenesis\uff09\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u6d77\u6d0b\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u9817\u70ba\u6709\u8da3\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u975e\u56ae\u5f80\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u672c\u80fd\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5927\u6d77\u547c\u53ec\uff0c\u5927\u6d77\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7531\u59cb\u81f3\u7d42\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a2e\u7cfb\u767c\u751f\u5b78\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u7684\u707d\u8b8a\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u53ca\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u500b\u6848\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u300c\u9b5a\u2014\u80ce\u5152\u3001\u967d\u5177\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u6c34\u2014\u5b50\u5bae\u3001\u6027\u4ea4\u300d\u7b49\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u6d77\u6d0b\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u53ca\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u4e09\u8005\u9023\u7d50\u537b\u4ecd\u770b\u4f3c\u6b66\u65b7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\u537b\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u7576\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u4e8b\u5be6\u4f5c\u652f\u6490\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7f8a\u6c34\u548c\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5c24\u5176\u5f15\u8d77\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u6c34\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u5927\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u5375\u751f\u7e41\u6b96\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u7cbe\u5b50\u548c\u5375\u5b50\u5206\u5225\u88ab\u500b\u9ad4\u6392\u51fa\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc\u5927\u6d77\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u6388\u7cbe\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u6c34\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u81f3\u9678\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u4ea4\u5408\u884c\u70ba\u53ca\u80ce\u751f\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u5728\u6bcd\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u6388\u7cbe\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u9678\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5176\u6d77\u6d0b\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6027\u72c0\u7279\u9ede\uff1a\u7f8a\u6c34\u53ea\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u9678\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u7f8a\u6c34\u5305\u570d\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u4e26\u7121\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u4ea4\u5408\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5c0e\u5165\u5f0f\u4ea4\u5408\u884c\u70ba\u53ca\u80ce\u751f\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6d77\u6d0b\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f09\u9ad4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6539\u4ee5\u96cc\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u4f5c\u70ba\u80ce\u5152\u8f09\u9ad4\uff1b\u7f8a\u6c34\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bcd\u9ad4\u6ce8\u5165\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5927\u6d77\uff08introjected sea\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5931\u53bb\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5f4c\u88dc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9678\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7d04\u70ba\u300c\u6c34\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6db2\u614b\u300d\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53d7\u7cbe\u96de\u86cb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8a\u6c34\u6703\u5728\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u5982\u540c\u6d77\u6c34\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u97fb\u5f8b\u3001\u5973\u6027\u6708\u7d93\u9031\u671f\u8207\u6f6e\u6c50\u9031\u671f\u5927\u81f4\u5448\u540c\u6b65\u53cd\u61c9\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u9678\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u8207\u6c34\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u5927\u6d77\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u3002\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u5c0d\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e26\u4e0d\u7740\u91cd\u65bc\u6548\u7387\u3001\u96a8\u6a5f\u7b49\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50be\u5411\u7528\u9032\u5ee2\u9000\u3001\u7372\u5f97\u6027\u907a\u50b3\u7b49\u6a5f\u5236\u4f5c\u70ba\u6f14\u5316\u524d\u8a2d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u659c\u62c9\u99ac\u514b\uff08Jean-Baptiste Lamarck\uff09\u800c\u975e\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u751f\u7269\u6703\u56e0\u61c9\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u5316\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u6539\u8b8a\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u5f8c\u5929\u7684\u6027\u72c0\u50b3\u81f3\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u8207\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u4ee5\u707d\u8b8a\u6f14\u5316\u9023\u7d50\u6c34\u9678\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5951\u6a5f\u6709\u83ab\u5927\u95dc\u9023\u3002\u6c34\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u79fb\u5c45\u9678\u5730\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6e90\u81ea\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u7531\u662f\u5f97\u51fa\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e7e\u6db8\u7684\u731c\u60f3\uff1a\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e7e\u6db8\uff0c\u4ee4\u6c34\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u552f\u6709\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u9069\u5408\u65bc\u9678\u5730\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7a2e\u7cfb\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u904e\u6e21\u671f\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5169\u68f2\u985e\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5247\u5982\u540c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u5c0d\u9678\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u822c\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5f9e\u6c34\u68f2\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u9678\u5730\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u751f\u80b2\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\u9752\u86d9\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7528\u4f5c\u7e41\u6b96\u53ca\u6392\u6d29\u7684\u6d29\u6b96\u8154\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u722c\u87f2\u985e\u51fa\u73fe\u967d\u5177\u7684\u96db\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u9c77\u9b5a\u4ea6\u51fa\u73fe\u52c3\u8d77\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u52c3\u8d77\u7684\u967d\u5177\u3001\u5b50\u5bae\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u7f8a\u6c34\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u9678\u5730\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u751f\u5b78\u2014\u2014\u5fa9\u6b78\u5b50\u5bae\u7684\u6e34\u671b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6d77\u6d0b\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e7e\u6db8\u4f5c\u70ba\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u707d\u96e3\uff08catastrophe\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u6f14\u5316\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u6027\u5668\u5b98\u53ca\u7e41\u6b96\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4f9b\u4eba\u985e\u56de\u9867\u3001\u5fa9\u539f\u6f14\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u7269\u3002\u52c3\u8d77\u7684\u967d\u5177\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0b\u6c42\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3001\u5b50\u5bae\u53ca\u7f8a\u6c34\u4f5c\u70ba\u5931\u53bb\u5927\u6d77\u7684\u5f4c\u88dc\u2014\u2014\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u751f\u5b78\u8207\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u751f\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u7531\u6b64\u5efa\u6210\u3002\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u628a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u672c\u80fd\u53ca\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8207\u4ee5\u6d77\u6d0b\u8870\u9000\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u6b77\u7a0b\u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u5176\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5fa9\u6b78\u50be\u5411\u300d\uff08Thalassal regressive trend\uff09\u7684\u5947\u60f3\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u88ab\u6d77\u514b\u723e\uff08Ernst Haeckel\uff09\u7684\u300c\u5fa9\u6f14\u8aaa\u300d\uff08law of recapitulation\uff09\u6240\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u8a8d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u80ce\u5152\u671f\u53ca\u8a95\u751f\u7d93\u9a57\u5176\u5be6\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u4f5c\u70ba\u7269\u7a2e\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5728\u7f8a\u6c34\u5167\u7684\u80ce\u5152\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e86\u65bc\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5982\u540c\u7d93\u6b77\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e7e\u6db8\u7684\u6d69\u52ab\u2014\u2014\u8fce\u63a5\u5b30\u5152\u5f9e\u5b50\u5bae\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4e26\u975e\u63a5\u89f8\u7a7a\u6c23\u7684\u6176\u5178\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u812b\u6c34\uff08desiccation\uff09\u7684\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u8207\u597d\u53cb\u862d\u514b\uff08Otto Rank\uff09\u65bc\u300a\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5275\u50b7\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Trauma of Birth<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u985e\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u500b\u9ad4\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u9996\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e43\u662f\u707d\u96e3\u3001\u9020\u6210\u5275\u50b7\u3002\u800c\u5f9e\u5b30\u5152\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u5247\u662f\u5169\u68f2\u985e\u4ee5\u81f3\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u5c0b\u6c42\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u6399\u624e\uff08struggle for sea\uff09\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u6f38\u6f38\u767c\u80b2\u2014\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u967d\u5177\u7372\u5f97\u52c3\u8d77\u3001\u5c04\u7cbe\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b50\u5bae\u5247\u8fce\u4f86\u521d\u6f6e\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u628a\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u617e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7d50\u5408\u81f3\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u51fa\u751f\u5275\u50b7\uff08\u812b\u6c34\u2014\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e7e\u6db8\uff09\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f0a\u5e95\u5e15\u65af\u60c5\u610f\u7d50\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u611b\u617e\uff0c\u88ab\u8a6e\u91cb\u70ba\u5c0d\u5fa9\u6b78\u5b50\u5bae\uff08\u6d77\u6d0b\uff09\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u5728\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5b98\u5c1a\u672a\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u719f\u7684\u53e3\u8154\u671f\u53ca\u809b\u9580\u671f\uff0c\u5b30\u5152\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u539f\u59cb\u3001\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u56de\u6b78\u5b50\u5bae\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u53e3\u8154\u671f\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5438\u542e\u3001\u5480\u56bc\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u65bd\u8650\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u5982\u5ec1\u8a13\u7df4\u70ba\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u809b\u9580\u671f\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u4f5c\u70ba\u6bcd\u9ad4\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5b50\u5bae\u5fa9\u6b78\u6a21\u4eff<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u3002\u5728\u6027\u5668\u671f\u5230\u5169\u6027\u671f\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5b98\u6f38\u6f38\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u967d\u5177\uff08\u9670\u9053\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u90e8\u4f4d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u5148\u524d\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u500b\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u96dc\u4e82\u617e\u671b\u88ab\u7d71\u4e00\u81f3\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u8fce\u4f86\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u900f\u904e\u4ea4\u5408\u6eff\u8db3\u5fa9\u6b78\u5b50\u5bae\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5275\u50b7\u8207\u514b\u670d\u2014\u2014\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u8207\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u7684\u77db\u76fe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u80b2\u53ca\u7a2e\u7cfb\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5fa9\u6b78\u7406\u8ad6\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u8da3\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u900f\u904e\u5256\u91cb\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6e90\u8d77\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u300d\uff08death drive\uff09\u6b64\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u65bc\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u300b\uff08<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond the Pleasure Principle<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5f15\u8d77\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u71b1\u8b70\uff0c\u5f9e\u5c0d\u300c\u5f37\u8feb\u6027\u91cd\u8907\u300d\uff08repetitive compulsion\uff09\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5165\u624b<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff0c\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u300c\u56de\u6b78\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u547d\u72c0\u614b\u300d\uff08return to an earlier state of life\uff09\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91cb\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u8207\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4e3b\u6b21\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ea6\u540c\u6a23\u6210\u70ba\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5fa9\u6b78\u8207\u5f37\u8abf\u5373\u6642\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u672c\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u731c\u60f3\u7121\u7591\u5c07\u985b\u8986\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5148\u524d\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u5fa9\u6b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u537b\u900f\u904e\u7d50\u5408\u6f14\u5316\u53f2\uff0c\u4f7f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u6210\u70ba\u5177\u5099\u5177\u9ad4\u6307\u5411\uff08\u6d77\u6d0b\u2014\u5b50\u5bae\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6607\u83ef\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u6574\u500b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u5c0d\u300c\u81ea\u5272\u300d\uff08autotomy\uff09\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u662f\u9032\u5165\u6709\u95dc\u5169\u7a2e\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8d77\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u70ba\u6c42\u751f\u5b58\u800c\u5207\u65b7\u8eab\u9ad4\u90e8\u4f4d\u6216\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u4e26\u4e0d\u9bae\u898b\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5728\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u719f\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u8eab\u9ad4\u5404\u500b\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u617e\u671b\u96c6\u4e2d\u9ede\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u6eff\u8db3\u56de\u6b78\u5b50\u5bae\u7684\u617e\u671b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u56de\u6b78\u5b50\u5bae\u4e43\u4e00\u5207\u4eba\u985e\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u7406\u61c9\u65bc\u4ea4\u5408\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u81ea\u6211\u95b9\u5272\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u8907\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u8a8d\u70ba\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u53ea\u662f\u5fa9\u6b78\u617e\u671b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6eff\u8db3\uff08\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u5fa9\u6b78\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u91cd\u8907\u9019\u7a2e\u90e8\u5206\u6eff\u8db3\u5c0d\u5be6\u73fe\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u537b\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u5c0d\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u5340\u5206\u7531\u6b64\u958b\u555f\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u70ba\u6eff\u8db3\u5169\u7a2e\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u4ea4\u5408\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u537b\u4e26\u975e\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0b\u7372\u5f97\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u8986\u9032\u884c\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u5247\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u8feb\u7684\uff08\u672c\u80fd\u7684\uff09\u91cd\u8907\u884c\u52d5\u65e8\u5728\u628a\u707d\u96e3\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5275\u50b7\u4ee5\u53cd\u8986\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6f38\u6f38\u514b\u670d\u2014\u2014\u771f\u6b63\u56de\u6b78\u5b50\u5bae\u3001\u5927\u6d77\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u53cd\u8986\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u5408\u884c\u70ba\u9010\u6b65\u6d88\u6e1b\u5275\u50b7\u7e3d\u548c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u4fbf\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u81e3\u670d\u65bc\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u6b21\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a\u617e\u671b\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u51fa\u751f\u5275\u50b7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u5fa9\u6b78\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u6a19\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9054\u6210\uff0c\u6545\u552f\u6709\u900f\u904e\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u8907\u5be6\u73fe\u90e8\u5206\u5fa9\u6b78\u7684\u6027\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u9014\u5f91\u514b\u670d\u5275\u50b7\u3002\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u624d\u662f\u500b\u9ad4\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u7121\u975e\u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u7684\u300a\u5854\u62c9\u85a9\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5c0d\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u6b7b\u4ea1\u9a45\u529b\u8207\u5feb\u6a02\u539f\u5247\u7b49\u4eba\u985e\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u300a\u5854\u62c9\u85a9\u300b\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u5fa9\u6b78\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u6574\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7248\u5716\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u7bc0\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e7e\u6db8\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u5f9e\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e7e\u6db8\u2014\u9678\u68f2\u52d5\u7269\u5f80\u4e0a\u63a8\u6f14\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9858\u671b\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u7cbe\u5b50\u8207\u5375\u5b50\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u7d50\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u751f\u5b78\u8207\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u751f\u5b78\uff0c\u8cbb\u502b\u9f4a\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u751f\u7269\u5206\u6790\u300d\uff08bioanalysis\uff09\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6046\u661f\u6b77\u53f2\u300d\uff08sidereal history\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 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