{"id":3054,"date":"2020-12-13T18:07:02","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T10:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3054"},"modified":"2020-12-14T18:18:52","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T10:18:52","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%9c%b0%e4%b8%ad%e6%b5%b7%e7%9a%84%e5%86%ac%e5%a4%a9%e3%80%8b%ef%bc%9a%e6%96%87%e6%98%8e%e7%9a%84%e8%a8%98%e6%86%b6%e7%9a%ba%e6%91%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=3054","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u51ac\u5929\u300b\uff1a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u76ba\u647a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u95dc\u65bc\u7f85\u52c3\uff0eD\uff0e\u5361\u666e\u862d\uff08Robert D. Kaplan\uff09\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u8a18\u8005\u3001\u65c5\u904a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u7de3\u6230\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u2026\u2026\u9019\u4e9b\u7a31\u547c\u90fd\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7e3d\u662f\u50cf\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u593e\u96dc\u904a\u8a18\u3001\u7d00\u50b3\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\uff0f\u6230\u7565\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\u82e5\u751f\u65bc\u7576\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u7d30\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u51b7\u6230\u91cd\u65b0\u5347\u6eab\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u7533\u8acb\u7c3d\u8b49\u5230\u7576\u6642\u6700\u6975\u6b0a\u7684\u6771\u6b50\u570b\u5bb6\u7f85\u99ac\u5c3c\u4e9e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5beb\u6210\u300a\u6b50\u6d32\u6697\u5f71\u300b\uff08In Europe\u2019s Shadow<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\ufe54\u95dc\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\uff08\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u570b\uff09\u7684\u5730\u7de3\u6230\u7565\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u90fd\u4e00\u4e00\u5beb\u5728\u300a\u897f\u9032\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u300b\u88e1\u9762\u3002\u300a\u5730\u7406\u7684\u5fa9\u4ec7\u300b\u8b93\u8ff0\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5f88\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u57f7\u653f\u8005\u5728\u601d\u8003\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f37\u6b0a\u61c9\u5411\u6b50\u9678\u6291\u6216\u5411\u4e9e\u592a\u5730\u5340\u65bd\u5c55\u63a7\u5236\u6642\uff0c\u5361\u666e\u862d\u7684\u300a\u5357\u4e2d\u570b\u6d77\u300b\u6216\u8a31\u65e9\u5df2\u63d0\u4f9b\u90e8\u4efd\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u5171\u5c0d\u5357\u4e2d\u570b\u6d77\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u7f8e\u570b\u4ee5\u9580\u7f85\u4e3b\u7fa9\u770b\u5f85\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u4e26\u7121\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002\u5361\u666e\u862d\u517c\u6301\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u570b\u4eba\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5340\u6c11\u65cf\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6df5\u6e90\uff0c\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u56e0\u70ba\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u7406\u5ff5\u767c\u5883\u5916\u6230\u722d\u62b1\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u9019\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u90fd\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u3002\u65e9\u65bc\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u9810\u898b\u5df4\u723e\u5e79\u767c\u751f\u6c11\u65cf\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u300a\u6771\u9032\u97c3\u977c\u300b\u5c0d\u4e2d\u4e9e\u5c40\u52e2\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5148\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u57282001\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5c07\u81e8\u7684\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u72c0\u614b\u300b\uff08The Coming Anarchy<\/em>\uff0c\u672a\u6709\u4e2d\u8b6f\uff09\uff0c\u8a55\u4f30\u5f8c\u51b7\u6230\u5e74\u4ee3\u767c\u5c55\u4e0b\u53bb\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u600e\u6a23\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5f62\u52e2\u3002\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u7b97\u5148\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9577\u671f\u6d78\u6deb\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5f8c\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u5340\/\u65cf\u7fa4\u885d\u7a81\u6216\u570b\u969b\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e00\u5730\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u5f37\u6b0a\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u662f\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u300d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u812b\u96e2\u88ab\u907a\u5fd8\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08\u5982\u57c3\u53ca\u6216\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\uff09\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u6df1\u539a\u601d\u8003\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u5f9e\u53e4\u5178\u5e0c\u81d8\u9ec3\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u800c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u90a3\u500b\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6d77\u300d\uff08mare nostrum<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4e9e\u6d32\u904a\u5ba2\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7e3d\u662f\u6d77\u5929\u6210\u85cd\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u967d\u5149\uff0c\u5e73\u975c\u5982\u93e1\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e5f\u6709\u7121\u6578\u6f29\u6e26\u3001\u6697\u6d41\u3001\u66b4\u98a8\u96e8\u53ca\u5bd2\u51ac\u3002\u5361\u666e\u862d\u66fe\u5169\u6b21\u53bb\u904e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u65c5\u904a\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u5728\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u3002\u5169\u6b21\u904a\u6b77\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5c0d\u4ed6\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u555f\u793a\u5462\ufe56\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5f9e\u5317\u975e\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8ac7\u7684\u662f\u7f85\u4e39\u7684\u96d5\u5851\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8ac7\u6cd5\u570b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u798f\u6a13\u62dc\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5c0f\u8aaa\u300a\u85a9\u6717\u6ce2\u300b\uff08Salammb\u00f4<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u751a\u9ebc\u5462\ufe56\u5361\u666e\u862d\u662f\u60f3\u5b78\u6587\u5316\u6563\u6587\u5bb6\u90a3\u6a23\u5beb\u5343\u5e74\u4e00\u5606\u5f0f\u7b46\u8a18\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u60f3\u50cf\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u5f9e\u6587\u85dd\u4f5c\u54c1\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u88ab\u6587\u4eba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5f62\u5851\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u50cf\u5462\ufe56\u9019\u4e9b\u6050\u6015\u90fd\u5728\u5361\u666e\u862d\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4ee5\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u300a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u51ac\u5929\u300b\u5168\u66f8\u9996\u7ae0\u4ee5\u4e00\u8a69\u610f\u53c8\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u5bd3\u610f\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u958b\u59cb\uff1a\u300c\u8056\u6f54\u5bd3\u5b58\u65bc\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\uff1a\u8449\u5b50\u6709\u5982\u5931\u91cd\u7684\u9752\u9285\uff0c\u6b72\u6708\u96d5\u8755\uff0c\u843d\u5165\u5df4\u9ece\u7f85\u4e39\u96d5\u523b\u82b1\u5712\u7684\u6797\u6728\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u300d\u5f8c\u5169\u9801\u6709\u53c8\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u300c\u8449\u5b50\u843d\u5728\u96d5\u50cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u904e\u53bb\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u4f86\u5c0d\u65bc\u79cb\u5929\u50c5\u9918\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u300d\u9019\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u65bc\u9752\u6625\u5e74\u6708\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u525b\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u5728\u4f5b\u8499\u7279\u5dde\u4e00\u5831\u9928\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u807d\u898b\u9ece\u5df4\u5af0\u5167\u6230\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u800c\u8208\u8d77\u7576\u6d77\u5916\u901a\u8a0a\u8a18\u8005\u5ff5\u982d\u7684\u5e74\u6708\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7236\u89aa\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u6642\u5165\u4f0d\u9060\u8d74\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b21\u300c\u65c5\u884c\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u95dc\u65bc\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65c5\u884c\u5c0d\u5176\u7562\u751f\u5fd7\u696d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5361\u666e\u862d\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u73ed\u96c5\u660e\u300c\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u4e2d\u8ff7\u9014\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u90a3\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7136\u800c\u73ed\u96c5\u660e\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u547d\u904b\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u6216\u5fd7\u8da3\u4e5f\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u5361\u666e\u862d\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u6c89\u7dec\u65bc\u300a\u85a9\u6717\u6ce2\u300b\uff0c\u8207\u53e4\u7f85\u99ac\u53f2\u5bb6\u674e\u7dad\u5c0d\u6f22\u5c3c\u62d4\u6230\u722d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u9047\u4e0a\u8207\u4e4b\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7a81\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u3002\u5979\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u64c1\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u66fe\u8207\u53e4\u7f85\u99ac\u722d\u596a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u9738\u6b0a\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u5e1d\u570b\u3002\u300a\u85a9\u6717\u6ce2\u300b\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u50f1\u50ad\u5175\u8d77\u7fa9\u65e9\u65bc\u674e\u7dad\u8a18\u8f09\u7f85\u99ac\u8207\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5e03\u533f\u6230\u722d\uff08Punic War\uff0c\u5e03\u533f\u662f\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u5c0d\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u7684\u7a31\u547c\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u5c07\u9818\u5c0f\u897f\u5e87\u963f\u5fb9\u5e95\u6467\u6bc0\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u9130\u570b\u52aa\u7c73\u5e95\u4e9e\uff08Numidia\uff09\u7684\u7be1\u4f4d\u8005\u6731\u53e4\u9054\uff08Jugurtha\uff09\u53c8\u900f\u904e\u8907\u96dc\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u8cc2\u8cc4\u7f85\u99ac\u5c07\u8ecd\u53ca\u5143\u8001\u8207\u7f85\u99ac\u5c0d\u6297\u591a\u5e74\u3002\u5c0d\u5361\u666e\u862d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6230\u722d\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u9738\u6b0a\u90fd\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u5728\u6230\u722d\u5916\u4ea4\u4e2d\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u4ea6\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u4ecb\u5165\u570b\u969b\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u501f\u9451\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5728\u5361\u666e\u862d\u7b46\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a81\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u8207\u670d\u81ba\u5b97\u6559\u6975\u7aef\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9130\u570b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u6771\u5317\u975e\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5979\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5317\u975e\u570b\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7559\u66f4\u591a\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b50\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u7015\u81e8\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u5317\u90e8\u7701\u4efd\u88e1\uff0c\u518d\u5f80\u5167\u9678\u8d70\uff0c\u4f60\u7acb\u5373\u6703\u898b\u5230\u4e00\u7247\u8352\u6f20\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6731\u53e4\u9054\u5f8c\u4f86\u99d0\u8ecd\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6731\u53e4\u9054\u4e4b\u684c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8352\u856a\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u5df2\u6709\u6975\u7aef\u6559\u6d3e\u5982\u591a\u7d0d\u5716\u65af\u6559\u6d3e\uff08Donatists\uff09\u5728\u6b64\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u548c\u6c99\u6f20\u5728\u6b64\u722d\u6301\u4e0d\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7a81\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u88ab\u4f86\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u6587\u660e\u7d71\u6cbb\u7740\uff0c\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u4eba\u4f86\u81ea\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\uff0c\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\u4f86\u81ea\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u5373\u88ab\u4f86\u81ea\u5167\u9678\u6c99\u6f20\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6587\u660e\u5e36\u4f86\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5149\u8f1d\u71e6\u721b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u666f\u89c0\u3002\u8207\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7a0d\u9060\u7684\u51f1\u9b6f\u66fc\uff08Kairouan\uff09\u57ce\u540d\u5b57\u5bd3\u610f\u706b\u85e5\u5eab\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u6c99\u6f20\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u6b50\u514b\u5df4\uff0e\u73ed\uff0e\u7d0d\u975e\uff08Okba ben Nafi\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u7d71\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u7e7d\u7d1b\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u548c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee4\u5fb7\u570b\u62bd\u8c61\u756b\u5bb6\u4fdd\u7f85\uff0e\u514b\u5229\u70ba\u4e4b\u7740\u8ff7\u3002\u5361\u666e\u862d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u7a81\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u6d77\u6ff1\u53ca\u5167\u9678\u57ce\u5e02\u90a3\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u5730\u7406\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6587\u660e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u547c\u61c9\u7740\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u7a81\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f0a\u672c\uff0e\u8d6b\u52d2\u6566\uff08Ibn Khaldun\uff09\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5f62\u6210\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5728\u5361\u666e\u862d\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f86\u5f80\u7a81\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u548c\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u7684\u822a\u7a0b\u6975\u77ed\uff0c\u537b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f9e\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u76f8\u5dee\u53ea\u4e00\u7247\u77ed\u9014\u7684\u6d77\u5cfd\uff0c\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u537b\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u5e0c\u81d8\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u5e0c\u81d8\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u3001\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u4eba\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u7559\u4e0b\u75d5\u8de1\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u6559\u5f92\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u7d71\u6cbb\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5230\u5e7e\u767e\u5e74\u5c31\u88ab\u4f86\u81ea\u5317\u6b50\u7684\u8afe\u66fc\u4eba\u9010\u51fa\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u5cf6\u53c8\u88ab\u795e\u8056\u7f85\u99ac\u5e1d\u570b\u970d\u4ea8\u65af\u9676\u82ac\u738b\u671d\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u88ab\u6cd5\u570b\u5b89\u8339\u67e5\u7406\u77ed\u66ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u904e\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u4eba\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u6c11\u6028\u800c\u88ab\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9e\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u8ca2\u8ecd\u968a\u8d95\u8d70\u3002\u5f9e\u8afe\u66fc\u4eba\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u517c\u5bb9\u591a\u5143\u6c11\u65cf\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u5cf6\u6210\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c01\u5efa\u6b50\u6d32\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7570\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5728\u7a81\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u9019\u591a\u5c11\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5176\u8207\u6d77\u6d0b\u6587\u660e\u6216\u6c99\u6f20\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u6c92\u932f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u819a\u6dfa\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u5cf6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u80fd\u5728\u5cf6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ad4\u6703\u8af8\u5982\u6b64\u985e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5206\u985e\u6cd5\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u8352\u8b2c\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u540d\u70ba\u4e09\u89d2\u5cf6\uff08Thrinacria\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u592a\u967d\u795e\u737b\u796d\u725b\u72a2\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u8377\u99ac\u53f2\u8a69\u82f1\u96c4\u5967\u5fb7\u8cfd\u4e5f\u66fe\u5728\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u5cf6\u58a8\u897f\u62ff\u6d77\u5cfd\u9047\u5230\u6f29\u6e26\u8207\u6d77\u602a\uff08Scylla and Charybdis\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee4\u4eba\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u7684\u795e\u8a71\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u9060\u5f81\u662f\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u65af\u5df4\u9054\u722d\u9738\u53f2\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u548c\u8f49\u6369\u9ede\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u65af\u5df4\u9054\u652f\u6301\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\u6558\u62c9\u53e4\uff08Syracuse\uff09\u8aaa\u670d\u4e86\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u90a6\u5c0d\u6297\u96c5\u5178\uff0c\u800c\u96c5\u5178\u85c9\u53e3\u652f\u6301\u585e\u5409\u65af\u5854\uff08Segesta\uff09\u5c0d\u6297\u6558\u62c9\u53e4\u800c\u767c\u52d5\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u9060\u5f81\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u591a\u5c11\u56e0\u70ba\u96c5\u5178\u7d71\u5e25\u963f\u723e\u897f\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5fb7\uff08Alcibiades\uff09\u81e8\u9663\u8b8a\u7bc0\u800c\u5168\u8ecd\u88ab\u4fd8\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u9738\u6b0a\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u4e00\u8e76\u4e0d\u632f\u3002\u6558\u62c9\u53e4\u4f5c\u70ba\u5e0c\u81d8\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u79fb\u6c11\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6bcf\u6bcf\u4ee5\u5176\u7dad\u6301\u7e41\u69ae\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u50ed\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4\u800c\u70ba\u4eba\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u4ea6\u7136\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u537b\u56e0\u70ba\u8eab\u8655\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5f37\u6b0a\u7f85\u99ac\u8207\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u4e2d\u9593\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u56e0\u70ba\u8fe6\u592a\u57fa\u8ecd\u968a\u7684\u4f54\u9818\u800c\u88ab\u7f85\u99ac\u8ecd\u968a\u570d\u57ce\uff0c\u9003\u4e0d\u904e\u8986\u4ea1\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5bbf\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u73fe\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u6703\u7528\u300c\u4e00\u5e36\u4e00\u8def\u300d\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5305\u88dd\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u584a\u7e5e\u4e0d\u958b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u7d46\u8173\u7684\u5dd6\u5ca9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5361\u666e\u862d\u7684\u8db3\u8de1\u4e00\u76f4\u5411\u5317\u5411\u6771\uff0c\u8d70\u904d\u8a31\u591a\u9762\u8c8c\u6b8a\u7570\u7684\u6cbf\u6d77\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6709\u4e9e\u5f97\u91cc\u4e9e\u6d77\u6ff1\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5982\u7f85\u99ac\u7687\u5e1d\u884c\u5728\u65af\u666e\u5217\u7279\uff08Split\uff09\u548c\u7368\u7acb\u57ce\u90a6\u62c9\u53e4\u85a9\uff08Ragusa\uff0c\u73fe\u7a31\u675c\u5e03\u7f85\u592b\u5c3c\u514b\uff0c\u5169\u57ce\u73fe\u5c6c\u514b\u7f85\u5730\u4e9e\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u96c5\u5178\u3001\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u9019\u4e9b\u66f4\u8457\u540d\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5361\u666e\u862d\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5e0c\u81d8\u57ce\u5e02\u5982\u96c5\u5178\u3001\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u50cf\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u534a\u5cf6\u5357\u90e8\u83ab\u91cc\u4e9e\uff08Morea\uff09\u5730\u5340\u53e4\u4ee3\u57ce\u93ae\u5bc6\u65af\u7279\u62c9\uff08Mystras\uff09\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4ed6\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5bc6\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u672b\u4ee3\u5e15\u5217\u5967\u6d1b\u6208\u65af\uff08Paleologos\uff09\u738b\u671d\u5206\u5c01\u738b\u516c\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u91cd\u93ae\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9060\u96e2\u88ab\u9102\u5716\u66fc\u4eba\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\uff08\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u7fa4\u5c71\u74b0\u62b1\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u88ab\u653b\u9677\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u53e4\u5178\u5e0c\u81d8\u907a\u7522\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5bf6\u5eab\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u7d42\u4e5f\u88ab\u9102\u5716\u66fc\u4eba\u653b\u4f54\uff0c\u5bc6\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u6587\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u7b49\u6587\u660e\u907a\u7522\u4e00\u4f75\u5e36\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u3002\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4eba\u4e8b\u5168\u975e\uff0c\u5bc6\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u4e0d\u5c11\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5979\u662f\u5e0c\u81d8\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u660e\u9762\u5c0d\u883b\u65cf\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9053\u5821\u58d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5361\u666e\u862d\u7684\u7b46\u89f8\u7e3d\u662f\u8fc2\u8ff4\u5982\u65c5\u5ba2\u671d\u8056\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5beb\u5230\u7576\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5beb\u5230\u7576\u5730\u666f\u89c0\uff0c\u53c8\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u6216\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u8f09\uff0c\u5728\u7e31\u89c0\u7576\u5730\u666f\u89c0\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u4eba\u7269\u4e8b\u8e5f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4f5c\u8005\u6703\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u7684\u9ad4\u609f\uff0c\u6216\u601d\u8003\u5176\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u9738\u6b0a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5361\u666e\u862d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7121\u5f9e\u6b78\u985e\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u9700\u4f5c\u51fa\u6b78\u985e\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u771f\u6b63\u660e\u767d\u53e4\u5178\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u7121\u9700\u5c0d\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\u6216\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f5c\u51fa\u5206\u985e\u3002\u5361\u666e\u862d\u65e2\u5c0d\u5404\u5730\u98a8\u571f\u4eba\u60c5\u6216\u4eba\u6587\u5730\u7406\u6709\u6b64\u6df1\u60c5\uff0c\u672c\u61c9\u937e\u610f\u65bc\u65c5\u904a\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u5948\u4f55\u8207\u4e8c\u6230\u524d\u5915\u5f9e\u82f1\u570b\u904a\u6b77\u81f3\u5df4\u723e\u5e79\u534a\u5cf6\u4e26\u5beb\u4e0b\u904a\u8a18\u6210\u540d\u7684\u65c5\u904a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5f17\u83ab\uff08Patrick Leigh Fermor\uff09\u898b\u9762\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u5766\u8a00\u300c\u4f60\u7121\u6cd5\u6210\u70ba\u65c5\u884c\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u65c5\u884c\u597d\u6df1\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u300d\u8b93\u5361\u666e\u862d\u77ad\u89e3\u5230\u6210\u70ba\u65c5\u904a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5fc5\u5148\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u535a\u5b78\u5f37\u8a18\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u65c5\u904a\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcf\u6bcf\u80fd\u5728\u63d0\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c07\u7576\u5730\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u6578\u5bb6\u73cd\u5730\u7d30\u6578\u5176\u751f\u5e73\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5c0d\u65bc\u60f3\u77ad\u89e3\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u660e\u660e\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7247\u5927\u6d77\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6b78\u5c6c\u800c\u64c1\u6709\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u3001\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6709\u7740\u6b8a\u7570\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002\u6c92\u932f\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3001\u570b\u65cf\u7684\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u65d1\u65ce\u7684\u98a8\u5149\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u8b93\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u611f\u771f\u6b63\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f46\u6b77\u53f2\u547d\u904b\u53c8\u662f\u5306\u5306\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u8f49\u77ac\u9593\u5373\u88ab\u5f8c\u4eba\u907a\u5fd8\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u7dad\u5409\u723e\u53f2\u8a69\u300a\u57c3\u6e7c\u963f\u65af\u7d00\u300b\u5c0d\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5343\u8f09\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4ecd\u6559\u4eba\u5982\u75f4\u5982\u9189\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5361\u666e\u862d\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7dad\u5409\u723e\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u90fd\u50cf\u662f\u5982\u7159\u6b72\u6708\u4e88\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6170\u85c9\uff0c\u5343\u53e4\u8208\u4ea1\u5e73\u5e38\u4e8b\uff0c\u6d77\u6c34\u851a\u85cd\u5982\u6614\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7121\u6cd5\u6210\u70ba\u8a69\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u8b80\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u3000\u3000\u95dc\u65bc\u7f85\u52c3\uff0eD\uff0e\u5361\u666e\u862d\uff08Robert D. Kaplan\uff09\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u8a18\u8005\u3001\u65c5\u904a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u7de3\u6230\u7565\u5c08\u5bb6\u2026\u2026\u9019\u4e9b\u7a31\u547c\u90fd\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7e3d\u662f\u50cf\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u593e\u96dc\u904a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3055,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[428,2],"tags":[2531,425,2533,2534,2529,1555,2530,2532],"ppma_author":[2011],"aioseo_notices":[],"authors":[{"term_id":2011,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"%e5%bd%ad%e4%be%9d%e4%bb%81","display_name":"\u5f6d\u4f9d\u4ec1","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","description":""}],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3054"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3054"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3054\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3054"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=3054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}