{"id":2800,"date":"2020-08-09T13:35:02","date_gmt":"2020-08-09T05:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=2800"},"modified":"2020-08-06T13:42:39","modified_gmt":"2020-08-06T05:42:39","slug":"%e6%97%a5%e5%bc%8f%e6%b5%b7%e6%b4%8b%e5%8f%b2%e8%a7%80%ef%bc%9a%e3%80%8a%e6%96%87%e6%98%8e%e7%9a%84%e6%b5%b7%e6%b4%8b%e5%8f%b2%e8%a7%80%e3%80%8b%e8%a7%a3%e8%ae%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=2800","title":{"rendered":"\u65e5\u5f0f\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u300b\u89e3\u8b80"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8ac7\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u8aaa\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u9060\u591a\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u300c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u300d\u539f\u4f86\u5c6c\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3008\u8f49\u4e4b\u7ae0\u3009\u7684\u7bc7\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u88ab\u63d0\u5347\u4f4d\u968e\uff0c\u4e5f\u7576\u4f5c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5168\u540d\u3002\u7528\u5fc3\u95b1\u8b80\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u300d\u7684\u78ba\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u5bb6\u5ddd\u52dd\u5e73\u592a\uff081948\u2013\uff09\u70ba\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u53f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u52a0\u4ee5\u5b9a\u540d\u53ca\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ddd\u52dd\u662f\u4f4d\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u5bb6\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6cdb\u6cdb\u4e4b\u7a31\uff0c\u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u95dc\u7d93\u6fdf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53f2\u5bb6\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u72f9\u7fa9\u6216\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u5bb6\u300d\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u9075\u5b88\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u53d6\u5411\u300d\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u89e3\u91cb\u6b77\u53f2\u73fe\u8c61\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u91cd\u8996\u7d93\u6fdf\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u300d\uff08field of study\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f37\u8abf\u5c31\u7d93\u6fdf\u672c\u8eab\u5206\u6790\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u3002\u5728\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u71b1\u8877\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u63a1\u7528\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5176\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\u300d\uff08approach to the study\uff09\u7684\u5805\u6301\u9ad8\u65bc\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u88e1\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u7121\u7de3\u95b1\u8b80\u4f5c\u8005\u5be6\u8b49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u96e3\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u504f\u611b\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u63a8\u5d07\u6cd5\u570b\u5e74\u9451\u53f2\u5bb6\uff08the Annales historian\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u7684\u9818\u8896\u4eba\u7269\u5e03\u52de\u5cb1\u723e\uff08Fernand Braudel\uff0c1902\u20131985\uff09\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u5e03\u52de\u5cb1\u723e\u7684\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5411\u300d\u5df2\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u540d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u5bb6\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff08paradigm\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4e9b\u8b80\u8005\u5c0d\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u300d\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e8b\u8e5f\u5145\u6eff\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9078\u8b80\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u3002\u679c\u771f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u731c\u60f3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u671f\u76fc\u53ef\u80fd\u843d\u7a7a\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\uff0c\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u3001\u793e\u6703\u53f2\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b78\u65bc\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u300d\uff08the first order\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6ce8\u91cd\u4eba\u4e8b\u7269\u7b49\u4e8b\u5be6\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u52a0\u5165\u53f2\u5bb6\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u64d4\u5fc3\u8b80\u8005\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u9019\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u76f8\u5c0d\u504f\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7ad9\u5728\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5982\u679c\u805a\u7126\u3008\u8f49\u4e4b\u7ae0\u3009\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5ddd\u52dd\u91dd\u5c0d\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u300d\uff0c\u600e\u6a23\u5de7\u601d\u4e00\u5957\u89e3\u91cb\u67b6\u69cb\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u4e00\u7bc7\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc0\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u4ee5\u4e09\u4f4d\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u70ba\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u5148\u5efa\u69cb\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u524d\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u3002\u9996\u4f4d\u53f2\u5bb6\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5e0c\u7f85\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Herodotus\uff0c484\u2013425 B.C.\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u300b\uff08The Histories<\/em>\uff09\u53c8\u7a31\u4f5c\u300a\u6ce2\u5e0c\u6230\u722d\u53f2\u300b\u3002\u5167\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c6c\u65bc\u6d77\u6d0b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u96c5\u5178\uff08Athens\uff09\u600e\u6a23\u9818\u5c0e\u5e0c\u81d8\u5404\u57ce\u90a6\uff0c\u64ca\u6f70\u9678\u5730\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u570b\uff08Persian Empire\uff09\u3002\u6ce2\u5e0c\u96d9\u65b9\u5728\u6d77\u9678\u7684\u5e7e\u5834\u6c7a\u9b25\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u85a9\u62c9\u7c73\u65af\u6d77\u6230\uff08Battle of Salamis\uff0c480 B.C.\uff09\u6700\u5177\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u96d9\u65b9\u9e7f\u6b7b\u8ab0\u624b\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\u7576\u4f5c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8f49\u6298\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8c61\u5fb5\u897f\u65b9\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u63a1\u7528\u76ae\u96f7\u7d0d\uff08Henri Pirenne\uff0c1862\u20131935\uff09\u7684\u53f2\u89c0\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u897f\u65b9\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u600e\u6a23\u906d\u9047\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u88ab\u5c01\u9396\u7684\u5167\u9678\u5730\u5340\u3002\u76ae\u96f7\u7d0d\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u53f2\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u9109\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u6642\u4ee3\u7a31\u4f5c\u6cd5\u862d\u5fb7\u65af\uff08Flanders\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u5168\u6b50\u6d32\u5546\u696d\u5fa9\u8208\u521d\u671f\u7684\u91cd\u93ae\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b50\u9678\u8207\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u8cbf\u6613\u7684\u6a1e\u7d10\u3002\u76ae\u96f7\u7d0d\u6eff\u61f7\u5728\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u612b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u5f70\u986f\u6cd5\u862d\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u300c\u5fa9\u8208\u300d\u4e4b\u524d\u7576\u7136\u6709\u6bb5\u300c\u8870\u6557\u300d\u6642\u671f\u3002\u76ae\u96f7\u7d0d\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u548c\u67e5\u91cc\u66fc\u300b\uff08Mohammed and Charlemagne<\/em>\uff09\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u523b\u5283\u897f\u5143732\u5e74\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u4e2d\u5357\u90e8\u5716\u723e\uff08Tours\uff0c\u6216\u8b6f\u90fd\u8033\uff09\u7684\u6230\u5f79\u4e2d\uff0c\u9435\u939a\u67e5\u7406\uff08Charles Martel\uff09\u600e\u6a23\u9000\u6557\u4e00\u8def\u5f9e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5317\u4f10\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u8ecd\u968a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u5834\u52dd\u5229\u5c6c\u65bc\u4fdd\u885b\u6230\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u5730\u963b\u6b62\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u3002\u5c31\u5927\u5c40\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u6230\u5f79\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u57df\u6dea\u70ba\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u7684\u52e2\u529b\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u897f\u6b50\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u70ba\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u838a\u5712\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u76ae\u96f7\u7d0d\u4ee5\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u548c\u67e5\u91cc\u66fc\u70ba\u55bb\uff0c\u89e3\u8aaa\u56e0\u70ba\u5148\u6709\u5c0a\u5d07\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u52e2\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u5c01\u9396\u4e86\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u6709\u67e5\u91cc\u66fc\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u53f2\u5bb6\u5e03\u52de\u5cb1\u723e\u4ee5\u300a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u8207\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u4e8c\u4e16\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff08The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u539f\u8457\u65bc1949\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u805e\u540d\u65bc\u4e16\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u63f4\u5f15\u5e03\u52de\u5cb1\u723e\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u51f8\u986f1571\u5e74\u7684\u52d2\u73ed\u9640\u6d77\u6230\uff08Battle of Lepanto\uff09\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u64fa\u812b\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u8f49\u6298\u9ede\u3002\u5e03\u52de\u5cb1\u723e\u7684\u539f\u6587\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u52d2\u73ed\u9640\u6d77\u6230\u958b\u59cb\u65bc1517\u5e7410\u67087\u65e5\u2026\u2026\u3002\u6230\u5f79\u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u806f\u8ecd\u5927\u52dd\u4f5c\u6536\u3002\u2026\u2026\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u5351\u611f\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u756b\u4e0a\u4e86\u4f11\u6b62\u7b26\uff1b\u800c\u4e0d\u905c\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u81ea\u6b64\u5ba3\u544a\u7d42\u7d50\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5ddd\u52dd\u7d9c\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4f4d\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u53f2\u89c0\u5f62\u6210\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u7dca\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f49\u5411\u4e9e\u6d32\uff0c\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f9e\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u8207\u4e0a\u8ff0\u300c\u897f\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u9023\u7d50\u6210\u4e00\u5957\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u9996\u5148\u9ede\u51fa\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u500b\u5343\u5cf6\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u52c9\u5f37\u53ea\u80fd\u8aaa\u662f\u300c\u502d\u570b\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u570b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u502d\u570b\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u570b\u5ea6\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u6a19\u660e\uff0c\u897f\u5143663\u5e74\u767d\u6751\u6c5f\u6d77\u6230\u4e2d\u300c\u502d\u570b\u300d\u6230\u6557\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u8feb\u300c\u65ac\u65b7\u4e86\u6d77\u6d0b\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u5f9e\u6d77\u6d0b\u5c07\u76ee\u5149\u8f49\u5411\u5167\u9678\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u5167\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u70ba\u512a\u5148\u300d\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u6b21\u6230\u5f79\u624d\u4fc3\u6210\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u300d\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u8a00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684663\u5e74\u5c0d\u6bd4\u6b50\u6d32\u7684732\u5e74\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0d\u50c5\u6642\u9593\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u96f7\u540c\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u767d\u6751\u6c5f\u6d77\u6230\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u300d\u5f97\u4ee5\u8a95\u751f\uff0c\u5f62\u540c\u67e5\u91cc\u66fc\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300c\u6b50\u6d32\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547dvs.\u52e4\u52c9\u9769\u547d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u516d\u767e\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u6c38\u4e4b\u5f79\uff081274\u5e74\uff09\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u529f\u62b5\u79a6\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u4f86\u8972\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u4ee5\u6b64\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u8c61\u5fb5\u65e5\u672c\u7d93\u6fdf\u793e\u6703\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7b46\u6cd5\u7acb\u523b\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u806f\u60f3\u8d77\uff0c\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0d\u50c5\u6771\u4e9e\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u5546\u696d\u5fa9\u8208\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u6ce2\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u958b\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u4e9e\u6d32\u6d77\u57df\u5f9e\u5341\u56db\u5230\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u5165\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u502d\u5bc7\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96a8\u7740\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4f86\u81e8\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u547d\u904b\u5f7c\u6b64\u6b67\u7570\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5c31\u6b50\u6d32\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5148\u662f1571\u5e74\u7684\u52d2\u73ed\u9640\u6d77\u6230\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u596a\u56de\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u57df\u3002\u800c\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c1588\u5e74\u897f\u82f1\u6d77\u6230\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u53d6\u5f97\u52dd\u5229\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u671d\u5411\u5927\u6d0b\uff0c\u7368\u6b65\u9818\u5148\u300c\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff08Industrial Revolution\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u6587\u660e\u300d\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u65e5\u672c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c1597\u5e74\u65e5\u8ecd\u5728\u671d\u9bae\u300c\u88ab\u674e\u821c\u81e3\u7387\u9818\u7684\u6c34\u8ecd\u73a9\u5f04\u5728\u80a1\u638c\u4e4b\u9593\u300d\u3002\u6230\u6557\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u88ab\u8feb\u5be6\u884c\u300c\u6d77\u7981\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c\u9396\u570b\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u503c\u5f97\u7559\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u6b77\u53f2\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u5728\u5ddd\u52dd\u7b46\u4e0b\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u56e0\u798d\u5f97\u798f\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u300c\u6d77\u7981\u300d\u300c\u9396\u570b\u300d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c0d\u5916\u5f97\u4ee5\u300c\u812b\u4e9e\u300d\uff08\u5305\u542b\u4e2d\u570b\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u5167\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u300c\u8cc7\u672c\u7bc0\u7d04\u300d\u548c\u300c\u52de\u52d5\u96c6\u7d04\u578b\u7684\u6280\u8853\u300d\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u958b\u82b1\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u52e4\u52c9\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff08Industrious Revolution\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u628a\u300cIndustrial Revolution\u300d\u548c\u300cIndustrious Revolution\u300d\u5c0d\u7167\u53ca\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u53c8\u662f\u5de7\u601d\u3002\u5c31\u767c\u97f3\u548c\u62fc\u5beb\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u76f8\u8fd1\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\u3002\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u6e90\u81ea\u82f1\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u5bb6\u6e6f\u6069\u6bd4\uff08Arnold Toynbee\uff0c1852\u20131883\uff09\u3002\u800c\u300c\u52e4\u52c9\u9769\u547d\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u53e3\u5b78\u8005\u901f\u6c34\u878d\uff081929\u20132019\uff09\u3002\u628a\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5169\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7e2b\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8c61\u5fb5\u6771\u897f\u6d0b\u5169\u500b\u539f\u4f86\u9059\u9059\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u5cf6\u570b\uff0c\u5f9e\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u5206\u5225\u6b77\u7d93\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6216\u53d6\u5f91\uff0c\u537b\u6210\u70ba\u6771\u897f\u5169\u500b\u300c\u6587\u660e\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u76f8\u9047\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u897f\u6d0b\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u570b\u5bb6\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u8207\u6771\u6d0b\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u570b\u5bb6\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u9694\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u6b65\u4e0a\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f4d\u5728\u820a\u6587\u660e\u6771\u897f\u5169\u7aef\u7684\u9019\u5169\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u900f\u904e\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e9e\u6d32\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8207\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u66f4\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\u5c31\u6b64\u63ed\u958b\uff0c\u800c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5247\u662f\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u6d77\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u5169\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u9738\u6b0a\u9010\u6f38\u8b93\u4f4d\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u7f8e\u570b\u8266\u968a\u5e03\u5c40\u4e9e\u592a\u5730\u5340\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u672c\u6e2f\u53e3\uff09\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u5176\u52e2\u529b\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u88e1\u5ddd\u52dd\u9bae\u5c11\u89f8\u53ca\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7f8e\u65e5\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6069\u6028\u60c5\u4ec7\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u914d\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6d25\u6d25\u6a02\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u5de5\u696d\u570b\u5bb6\uff08NIES\uff09\u548c\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u570b\u5354\uff08ASEAN\uff09\u4e4b\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u9023\u9396\u3002\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u7d30\u8aaa\u65e5\u672c\u600e\u6a23\u52aa\u529b\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e9e\u592a\u7d93\u6fdf\u5408\u4f5c\u6703\u8b70\uff08APEC\uff09\u548c\u8de8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5925\u4f34\u5168\u9762\u9032\u6b65\u5354\u5b9a\uff08CPTPP\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u8449\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u4e16\u7d00\u5c40\u52e2\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u7279\u5225\u8a0e\u8ad6\u300c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u9769\u547d\u300d\u7684\u4f86\u81e8\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u61c9\u8a72\u4f55\u53bb\u4f55\u5f9e\uff1f\u70ba\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5927\u54c9\u554f\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u63d0\u5347\u300c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u300d\uff0c\u671d\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u300c\u7834\u300d\u5927\u9678\u53f2\u89c0\uff0c\u300c\u7acb\u300d\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u300d\uff08the second order\uff09\u5c6c\u65bc\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u4f4d\u53f2\u5bb6\u56de\u9867\u904e\u53bb\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8a55\u8ad6\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6df5\u6e90\u6216\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7a2e\u300c\u53f2\u5b78\u53f2\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u5047\u4f7f\u9019\u4f4d\u53f2\u5bb6\u4e5f\u53cd\u8eac\u81ea\u7701\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u5efa\u69cb\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u53f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u9019\u672c\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6700\u7cbe\u5f69\u3001\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u8b80\u8005\u7d30\u5fc3\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u3008\u8d77\u4e4b\u7ae0\u3009\u5beb\u65bc1984\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u6b72\u7684\u5ddd\u52dd\u5df2\u5177\u6709\u300c\u53f2\u5b78\u53f2\u300d\u548c\u300c\u53f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u4f01\u5716\u63a8\u7ffb\u6642\u4e0b\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u3001\u6771\u6d0b\u53f2\u548c\u897f\u6d0b\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u81ea\u758f\u96e2\uff0c\u8001\u6b7b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5f80\u4f86\u7684\u85e9\u7c6c\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5176\u6210\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u96db\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u96e3\u80fd\u53ef\u8cb4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3008\u627f\u4e4b\u7ae0\u3009\u65bc1993\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u7ae0\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\u5ddd\u52dd\u66f4\u5177\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u50be\u529b\u6279\u52241990\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u552f\u7269\u53f2\u89c0\u300d\u548c\u300c\u751f\u614b\u53f2\u89c0\u300d\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u5c31\u5167\u5bb9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u5728\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u53f2\u89c0\u5f71\u97ff\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5766\u767d\u8b1b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4fbf\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7bc7\u7ae0\u76f4\u63a5\u62a8\u64ca\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u53f2\u89c0\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u7956\u5e2b\u723a\uff0c\u6211\u5efa\u8b70\u8b80\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u8b39\u614e\u8003\u616e\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u601d\uff08Karl Marx\uff0c1818\u20131883\uff09\u548c\u9054\u723e\u6587\uff08Charles Darwin\uff0c1809\u20131882\uff09\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3b\u5f35\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u53c8\u600e\u6a23\u8f49\u5316\u6216\u626d\u66f2\u539f\u610f\uff1f\u8fd1\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u897f\u65b9\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u5404\u6709\u9580\u6236\u4e4b\u898b\uff0c\u722d\u92d2\u4e0d\u65b7\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u7ae0\u88e1\u5c0d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u548c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u53ca\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8a55\u9ede\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u771f\u76f8\uff1f\u9084\u6709\u5f85\u6df1\u7a76\u3002\u53f0\u7063\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u95b1\u8b80\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u5ddd\u52dd\u7528\u5fc3\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\u300c\u65e5\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u53f2\u89c0\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u6885\u68f9\u5fe0\u592b\uff081920\u20132010\uff09\u7684\u300c\u65e5\u5f0f\u300d\u751f\u614b\u53f2\u89c0\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u5171\u540c\u57fa\u8abf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u65e5\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u5927\u9678\u53f2\u89c0\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u53f2\u5b78\u754c\u81ea\u5f9e\u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u53f2\u89c0\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u5ff5\u8332\u5728\u8332\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u7ffb\u8f49\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ddd\u52dd\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u7834\u53c8\u7834\uff0c\u53cd\u53c8\u53cd\u3002\u5176\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u300d\u5df2\u7d93\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u3008\u8f49\u4e4b\u7ae0\u3009\u88e1\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u6b21\u300d\u5247\u8868\u5fb5\u5728\u3008\u7d42\u4e4b\u7ae0\u3009\uff081996\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u3008\u5e8f\u3009\uff081996\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u3008\u8dcb\u3009\uff081997\u5e74\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u3008\u6587\u5eab\u7248\u5f8c\u8a18\u3009\uff082016\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5b8c\u5168\u5728\u8ac7\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u8aaa\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u5ddd\u52dd\u53f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u756b\u9f8d\u9ede\u775b\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u7d30\u5fc3\u73a9\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f9d\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u6dfa\u898b\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u70ba\u4e86\u300c\u7834\u300d\u5927\u9678\u53f2\u89c0\uff0c\u300c\u7acb\u300d\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u300c\u53cd\u5373\u8fd4\u300d\uff08rebel as return\uff09\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u6b78\u65e5\u672c\u50b3\u7d71\u6642\u4ee3\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u897f\u5143\u524d\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u81f3\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5373\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e0a\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u8ef8\u5fc3\u6642\u4ee3\u300d\uff08the Age of Axis\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u60f3\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7f3a\u5e2d\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u4e3b\u5f35\u300c\u4e0d\u53ea\u5c0d\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u7269\u4e5f\u8981\u73cd\u91cd\u611b\u8b77\u300d\uff1b\u300c\u4eba\u548c\u7269\u5408\u70ba\u4e00\u9ad4\u300d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5929\u81fa\u672c\u89ba\u8ad6\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4f5b\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u80af\u5b9a\u300c\u5c71\u5ddd\u8349\u6728\u570b\u571f\u6089\u7686\u6210\u4f5b\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u8aaa\u4e0d\u50c5\u5b55\u80b2\u7740\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u52e4\u52c9\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f71\u97ff\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u897f\u7530\u5e7e\u591a\u90ce\uff081870\u20131945\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4f5b\u7406\u4e3b\u5f35\u300c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e8c\u9580\u300d\uff0c\u672c\u59cb\u4e8c\u89ba\u3002\u300c\u4e00\u5fc3\u300d\u5373\u773e\u751f\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u842c\u6709\u4e4b\u672c\u9ad4\u70ba\u4e00\u5fc3\u3002\u300c\u4e8c\u9580\u300d\u662f\u5c31\u89ba\u6027\u6216\u8a8d\u77e5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u300c\u5fc3\u751f\u6ec5\u9580\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u5fc3\u771f\u5982\u9580\u300d\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5f80\u4e0a\u6607\u63da\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u4e0d\u89ba\u300d\u6216\u8005\u300c\u975e\u89ba\u300d\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u5f80\u4e0b\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u300c\u771f\u5982\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5be6\u8b49\u300d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u7279\u5225\u63a8\u5d07\u897f\u7530\u5e7e\u591a\u90ce\u3001\u4e09\u6728\u6e05\uff081897\u20131945\uff09\u548c\u4eca\u897f\u9326\u53f8\uff081902\u20131992\uff09\u7b49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u88dc\u5145\u6885\u68f9\u5fe0\u592b\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7dd2\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u70ba\u5176\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u300c\u5f80\u4e0a\u300d\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u5957\u5f62\u4e0a\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u5206\u68f2\u5171\u751f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ddd\u52dd\u65e2\u7136\u300c\u4e00\u5fc3\u300d\u958b\u4e8c\u9580\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u300c\u5f80\u4e0a\u300d\u6709\u5f62\u4e0a\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u300c\u5f80\u4e0b\u300d\u4fbf\u662f\u300c\u77e5\u5373\u884c\u300d\uff0c\u8d70\u5165\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4f4d\u53f2\u5bb6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u64d4\u4efb\u975c\u5ca1\u7e23\u77e5\u4e8b\u3001\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53c3\u82072010\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u5168\u570b\u7e3d\u5408\u958b\u767c\u8a08\u756b\u300d\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u9664\u4e86\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u601d\u7dad\u4e92\u70ba\u8faf\u8b49\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u610f\u8b58\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6d77\u7d0d\u767e\u5ddd\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6d77\u6d0b\u7cbe\u795e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u5e7e\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4f9b\u8b80\u8005\u5011\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u601d\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d77\u6d0b\u6587\u5316\u5f4c\u88dc\u5927\u9678\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u5f97\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6d77\u6d0b\u6587\u5316\u8207\u5927\u9678\u6587\u5316\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e92\u52d5\u4e92\u88dc\u7684\u3002\u5ddd\u52dd\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u662f\u5426\u77ef\u6789\u904e\u6b63\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53c8\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5927\u9678\u53f2\u89c0\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u88e1\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u81f3\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e16\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5169\u5927\u300c\u6587\u660e\u300d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u5f8c\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u5148\u8aaa\u300c\u6587\u660e\u300d\uff08civilization\uff09\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u610f\u542b\u7740\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ad6\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u7684\u6587\u660e\u53f2\u89c0\u7121\u610f\u4e2d\u628a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u8996\u540c\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u300d\u6216\u300c\u908a\u9672\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u662f\u5426\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u670d\u81ba\u7684\u300c\u5206\u68f2\u5171\u751f\u300d\u539f\u5247\u5462\uff1f\u518d\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u300c\u6587\u660e\u300d\u4ee5\u82f1\u3001\u65e5\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8655\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u53ca\u4e2d\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u53c8\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u9762\u5c0d\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5c31\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u300d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5f62\u4e0a\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u6df5\u6e90\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u6587\u5316\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u8b1b\u8d77\u751f\u614b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\uff0c\u5ddd\u52dd\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u6709\u4eca\u897f\u4e00\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u9700\u8981\u300c\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u601d\u7dad\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u601d\u7dad\u300d(thinking metaphysically and historically)\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e3b\u5f35\u300c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e8c\u9580\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u548c\u5ddd\u52dd\u5f7c\u6b64\u9748\u7280\u76f8\u901a\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u5957\u65b0\u601d\u7dad\u5fc5\u9808\u300c\u6d77\u7d0d\u767e\u5ddd\u300d\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u300c\u6d77\u6d0b\u7cbe\u795e\u300d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u5bb9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u70ba\u300c\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7522\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u7576\u63a5\u7d0d\u7576\u4eca\u5404\u7a2e\u8de8\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5efa\u69cb\u6d77\u6d0b\u53f2\u89c0\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u53cd\u800c\u70ba\u4e86\u767c\u63da\u300c\u5bcc\u58eb\u5c71\u7cbe\u795e\u300d\uff0c\u771f\u8b93\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u9069\u5f9e\uff0c\u53c8\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u601d\u60f3\u6587\u5316\u9023\u7d50\uff08hub\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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