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40px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b78\u300d\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08neo-liberalism\uff09\u5f0f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8207\u672c\u571f\u751f\u6d3b\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5ee3\u53d7\u8b9a\u980c\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7ba1\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u53d7\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7ba1\u6cbb\u601d\u7dad\u8836\u98df\u3002\u300a\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u4e0d\u6642\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u64c1\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\u2500\u2500\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u65e2\u662f\u5168\u7403\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u570b\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u63d0\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u96d9\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5df2\u884d\u751f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e14\u77db\u76fe\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\u3002\u9673\u601d\u8ce2\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u5df2\u6f38\u6210\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u9996\u8981\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u5916\u4f86\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u58d3\u529b\u6709\u589e\u7121\u6e1b\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u591a\u5143\u793e\u6703\u5206\u88c2\u98a8\u96aa\u65e5\u589e\uff0c\u5b98\u54e1\u5f62\u8c61\u65e5\u76ca\u812b\u96e2\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u6c11\u6028\u70ba\u6b64\u6f38\u8d77\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5efa\u69cb\u5de5\u7a0b\u70ba\u6b64\u53d7\u963b\u3002\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5949\u5e02\u5834\u81f3\u4e0a\uff0c 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Crouch\uff09\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u300c\u5f8c\u6c11\u4e3b\u300d\uff08post-democratic\uff09 \u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u9673\u601d\u8ce2\u9032\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u300e\u5f8c\u6c11\u4e3b\u300f\u72c0\u614b\u5df2\u6f38\u73fe\u65bc\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u4f7f\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6a21\u5f0f\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u7368\u7279\u3002\u300d\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b98\u54e1\u884c\u4e8b\u5df2\u6108\u52a0\u53d7\u5e02\u5834\u908f\u8f2f\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6c11\u9593\u75be\u82e6\u9010\u6f38\u986f\u5f97\u7121\u52d5\u65bc\u8877\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u76f4\u6392\u62d2\u798f\u5229\u570b\u5bb6\u7ba1\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u8ca7\u5bcc\u61f8\u6b8a\u554f\u984c\u65e5\u76ca\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u6028\u7206\u767c\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u7528\u4eba\u552f\u8ce2\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0d\u514d\u8b8a\u8cea\u3002\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u8cb6\u6291\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u904e\u65bc\u7c21\u5316\u8907\u96dc\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u81f3\u4e0a\u7ba1\u6cbb\u610f\u8b58\u4e0b\uff0c\u62b1\u6301\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b98\u54e1\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u4ee5\u91d1\u9322\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u670d\u52d9\u5927\u773e\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0d\u514d\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6703\u66f4\u6297\u62d2\u6276\u8ca7\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6108\u52a0\u50be\u5411\u5023\u6548\u5546\u754c\u3001\u6108\u52a0\u8996\u9ad8\u85aa\u70ba\u62db\u652c\u8207\u633d\u7559\u300c\u4eba\u624d\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u300c\u4eba\u624d\u300d\u662f\u5426\u5404\u5177\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5247\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u7121\u95dc\u5b8f\u65e8\u3002\u9673\u601d\u8ce2\u7e7c\u800c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7528\u4eba\u552f\u8ce2\u7cbe\u795e\u73fe\u5df2\u6dea\u70ba\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08elitism\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u9644\u9304\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3008\u5982\u4f55\u5e73\u606f\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u9ad8\u85aa\u990a\u5ec9\u653f\u7b56\u722d\u8b70\uff1f\u3009\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u5167\u6e05\u4e00\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u85aa\u7cbe\u82f1\u662f\u5426\u771f\u80fd\u60f3\u6c11\u773e\u6240\u60f3\uff1f\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5426\u771f\u80fd\u9ad4\u6703\u6c11\u9593\u75be\u82e6\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0a\u8cb4\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6301\u8cb4\u65cf\u7fa9\u52d9\uff08noblesse oblige\uff09\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u500b\u4eba\u50b2\u6162\u8207\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5148\u5165\u70ba\u4e3b\u5730\u5c07\u6c11\u773e\u8cb6\u70ba\u300e\u81ea\u79c1\u3001\u7121\u77e5\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u60e1\u610f\u300f\uff1f\u653f\u5e9c\u9818\u8896\u6703\u5426\u53ea\u5f9e\u91d1\u9322\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u4f55\u8b02\u300e\u9818\u5c0e\u300f\u8207\u300e\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\u300f\uff1f\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u4e3b\u5f35\u96e3\u88ab\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4eba\u58eb\u6703\u5426\u88ab\u6392\u64e0\uff1f\u300d\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u5df2\u5bdf\u89ba\uff0c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u7ba1\u6cbb\u5df2\u5f15\u767c\u6c11\u6028\uff0c\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u57f7\u653f\u9ee8\u57282011\u5e74\u5927\u9078\u906d\u9022\u632b\u6557\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7e3d\u7406\u674e\u986f\u9f8d\u5ba3\u4f48\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c07\u6703\u6aa2\u8a0e\u5b98\u54e1\u9ad8\u85aa\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b78\u300d\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5f9e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6c38\u7e8c\u5a01\u6b0a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u5c0d\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u5229\u3002\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e16\u4e8b\u6108\u52a0\u8b8a\u5e7b\u7121\u5e38\uff0c\u8981\u5ef6\u7e8c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u69ae\u666f\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u4fbf\u9700\u66f4\u5177\u97cc\u6027\uff0c \u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u793e\u6703\u5fc5\u9808\u58ef\u5927\u3001\u5177\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u6709\u671d\u6c23\u3001\u80fd\u81ea\u7406\u3001\u80fd\u81ea\u7acb\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6a21\u5f0f\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u6709\u503c\u5f97\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u8ad6\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u5c07\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u7ba1\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u63d0\u4e26\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u4e0d\u7121\u5dee\u7570\u2500\u2500\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u8f03\u5f37\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u8f03\u5f31\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u9ede\u5247\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u4fbf\u5df2\u958b\u59cb\u5ba3\u63da\u7a4d\u6975\u516c\u6c11\uff08active citizenship\uff09\u8207\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\uff08civic society\uff09\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u671f\u671b\u516c\u6c11\u80fd\u81ea\u767c\u4e92\u52a9\u3001\u4e3b\u52d5\u89e3\u6c7a\u793e\u5340\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u82e5\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u66f4\u5177\u97cc\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u9069\u61c9\u6108\u8da8\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u4f46\u9673\u601d\u8ce2\u4e5f\u6709\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u671f\u671b\u5bb9\u6613\u843d\u7a7a\u3002\u6309\u5176\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7d93\u6b77\u9577\u5e74\u5bb6\u9577\u5f0f\u7ba1\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6c11\u773e\u5df2\u5177\u300c\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u4eba\u683c\u300d\uff08authoritarian personality\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u610f\u8b58\u8f03\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u8f03\u96e3\u5be6\u73fe\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u516c\u6c11\u9858\u666f\u3002\u9673\u601d\u8ce2\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6c11\u773e\u5373\u4fbf\u9047\u5230\u7463\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u611f\u5230\u7121\u52a9\uff0c\u81ea\u89ba\u6709\u9700\u8981\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u7576\u5c40\u5c0b\u6c42\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u9019\u591a\u5c11\u53ef\u53cd\u6620\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u516c\u6c11\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u7576\u793e\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u7d1b\u722d\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6c11\u773e\u4e0d\u6703\u4e3b\u52d5\u81ea\u884c\u5316\u89e3\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u591a\u6703\u8a34\u8af8\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u7576\u5c40\u2026\u2026\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u6709\u8a8d\u771f\u8655\u7406\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6295\u8a34\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e0d\u514d\u5370\u8b49\u653f\u5e9c\u7d93\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4e26\u672a\u6e96\u5099\u8fce\u63a5\u6539\u8b8a\u2500\u2500\u6311\u6230\u653f\u5e9c\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u5c31\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u3002\u300d\u9673\u601d\u8ce2\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u53e6\u4e00\u9644\u9304\u6587\u7ae0\u3008\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6545\u4e8b\u300d\u8207\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u2500\u2500\u8ad6\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u8208\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\u3009\u5f15\u7528\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u88e1\u6709\u95dc\u81ea\u6200\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u5f37\u52e2\u3001\u793e\u6703\u7a4d\u5f31\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4f55\u5728\u3002\u6587\u5167\u4e00\u6bb5\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u66fe\u6709\u5e7e\u540d\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5357\u6d0b\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\uff08Nanyang Technological University\uff09\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u767c\u8868\u654f\u611f\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u904b\u7528\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6307\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u65b0\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u90fd\u7531\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u800c\u975e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4eba\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u5b98\u54e1\u96a8\u5373\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u5bc6\u6578\u64da\u53cd\u99c1\u5b78\u8005\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u653f\u5e9c\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u516c\u773e\u6240\u5f97\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u300e\u610f\u6c23\u7528\u4e8b\u3001\u4e0d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u3001\u4e0d\u5c08\u696d\u300f\u3002\u6c11\u773e\u900f\u904e\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u6108\u52a0\u80fd\u5920\u63a5\u89f8\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u89c0\u5ff5\u3001\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u537b\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u9632\u885b\u5fc3\u614b\u66f4\u5f37\uff0c\u66f4\u8da8\u5805\u6301\u5df1\u898b\u3002\u65e9\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u5b78\u8005\u5085\u9ad8\u7fa9\uff08Ezra Vogel\uff09\u4fbf\u4ee5\u300e\u5927\u7537\u4eba\u5f0f\u7528\u4eba\u552f\u8ce2\u7cbe\u795e\u300f\uff08macho-meritocracy\uff09\u5f62\u5bb9\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u52d5\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ba1\u6cbb\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e2d\u80af\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u300d\u9700\u8981\u88dc\u5145\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u793e\u6703\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u975e\u5168\u7136\u88ab\u52d5\uff0c\u5168\u7121\u81ea\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u65bc1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u793e\u6703\u5c31\u66fe\u4e3b\u52d5\u7c4c\u7d44\uff62\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff63\uff08The Working Committee\uff0cTWC\uff09\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5404\u7a2e\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7ba1\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u514d\u53d7\u570b\u5bb6\u898f\u8a13\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u5df2\u81ea\u884c\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7ba1\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u6d41\u6c34\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5df2\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u793e\u6703\u5fa9\u8208\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u76ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u77e5\u6613\u884c\u96e3\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u88dc\u907a\u2500\u2500\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u5802\u7ba1\u6cbb\u8ab2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b78\u300d\u4e4b\u7cbe\u8981\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u4ecd\u6709\u53ef\u4f5c\u589e\u88dc\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u62cb\u78da\u5f15\u7389\uff0c\u7a0d\u70ba\u88dc\u5145\u5169\u9ede\uff0c\u4f7f\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b78\u300d\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b78\u300d\u540c\u6a23\u80fd\u5920\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u83ef\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u83ef\u6027\uff08Chineseness\uff09\u5404\u7570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u7406\u89e3\u5404\u5730\u83ef\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u7121\u865b\u5984\u3002\u96a8\u83ef\u8a9e\u8a9e\u7cfb\uff08Sinophone\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u8207\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u83ef\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8b58\u5dee\u7570\u958b\u59cb\u66f4\u53d7\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u83ef\u8a9e\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8981\u65e8\uff0c\u662f\u7834\u9664\u4ee5\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u9738\u6b0a\u89c0\uff0c\u4e26\u5f37\u8abf\u7d93\u6b77\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\u6d17\u79ae\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u83ef\u4eba\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5df2\u6709\u5206\u5225\u30022016\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5831\u7ae0\u8a55\u8ad6\u3008\u83ef\u6587\u8b6f\u540d\u4ee5\u751a\u9ebc\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\u3009\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b78\u8005\u5ed6\u5efa\u88d5\u66fe\u8ad6\u8aaa\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u83ef\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u4f55\u4ee5\u61c9\u7576\u81ea\u7acb\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5404\u570b\u7684\u570b\u60c5\u6709\u5225\uff0c\u8b6f\u540d\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7531\u672c\u570b\u7684\u570b\u60c5\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u5473\u8ddf\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u8d70\u3002\u50cf\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u83ef\u6587\u8b6f\u540d\u8207\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u8c50\u5bcc\u4e86\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u8a9e\u5f59\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u83ef\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5473\u9075\u5faa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u83ef\u6587\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u597d\u8655\u3002\u300d\u5230\u4e862017\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u7e79\u9019\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u7acb\u8ad6\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u83ef\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u958b\u5e55\uff0c\u5728\u958b\u5e55\u81f4\u8fad\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7e3d\u7406\u674e\u986f\u9f8d\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u8eab\u8655\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u793e\u6703\u7684\u83ef\u88d4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u83ef\u6027\u5df2\u6709\u7570\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u30022019\u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u6d41\u6c34\u9769\u547d\u7206\u767c\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u6771\u4e9e\u8207\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u83ef\u6587\u5a92\u9ad4\u63a2\u8a0e\u65b0\u99ac\u4e43\u81f3\u5370\u5c3c\u300c\u5927\u4e2d\u83ef\u81a0\u300d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6e90\u8d77\u8207\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u83ef\u8a9e\u8a9e\u7cfb\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u570b\u5167\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u83ef\u88d4\u4ea6\u975e\u9435\u7248\u4e00\u584a\u3002\u5982\u9673\u601d\u8ce2\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u83ef\u88d4\u53ef\u6982\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u985e\uff0c\u5373\u53d7\u82f1\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u8207\u53d7\u83ef\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u83ef\u88d4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6027\u683c\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u5404\u7570\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5c0e\u6f14\u9673\u54f2\u85dd\u76842019\u5e74\u96fb\u5f71\u65b0\u4f5c\u300a\u71b1\u5e36\u96e8\u300b\u591a\u5c11\u4e5f\u6709\u89f8\u53ca\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u6211\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c \u66fe\u7d93\u6b77\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u662f\u7194\u7149\u4e43\u81f3\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e2d\u83ef\u6027\u6d41\u8b8a\u8207\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u5728\u300a\u96d9\u57ce\u5c0d\u5012\u2500\u2500\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u672a\u4f86\u300b\uff08\u4e0b\u6587\u7c21\u7a31\u300a\u96d9\u57ce\u5c0d\u5012\u300b\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3008\u4f55\u8b02\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u6d77\u5916\u83ef\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u8faf\u3009\u8ad6\u53ca\u8fd1\u4e16\u82f1\u5e1d\u570b\u6d77\u5cfd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff08The Straits Settlements\uff09\u300c\u6d77\u5cfd\u4e09\u5091\u300d\u4e43\u81f3\u4e2d\u570b\u5357\u4f86\u6587\u4eba\u90b1\u83fd\u5712\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8b58\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u6d77\u5cfd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7531\u99ac\u516d\u7532\u3001\u6ab3\u6994\u5dbc\u548c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u4f0d\u9023\u5fb7\u3001\u6797\u6587\u6176\u3001\u5b8b\u65fa\u76f8\u662f\u300c\u6d77\u5cfd\u4e09\u5091\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u81f3\u4e09\u4ee3\u571f\u751f\u83ef\u4eba\u3002\u4f0d\u9023\u5fb7\u662f\u91ab\u751f\uff0c \u66fe\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u5354\u52a9\u4e2d\u570b\u64b2\u6ec5\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u70ba\u6b64\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u969b\u540d\u8072\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u632f\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u4f0d\u9023\u5fb7\u6c92\u6709\u61c9\u9080\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7559\u5c45\uff0c \u53cd\u800c\u56de\u5230\u6ab3\u6994\u5dbc\u843d\u5730\u751f\u6839\u3002\u6797\u6587\u6176\u4e5f\u662f\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u9817\u5177\u60c5\u61f7\uff0c\u4e14\u66fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u570b\u5ec8\u9580\u5927\u5b78\u6821\u9577\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5831\u7ae0\u7a31\u980c\u4ed6\u70ba\u300c\u5049\u5927\u8001\u4eba\u300d\uff08Grand Old Man\uff09\u3002\u5b8b\u65fa\u76f8\u662f\u5f8b\u5e2b\uff0c\u66fe\u8207\u6797\u6587\u6176\u5408\u8fa6\u300a\u6d77\u5cfd\u83ef\u4eba\u96dc\u8a8c\u300b\uff08<em>Straits Chinese Magazine<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u63a8\u5ee3\u73fe\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ea6\u8457\u6709\u300a\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u83ef\u4eba\u767e\u5e74\u53f2\u300b\uff08<em>One Hundred Years\u0313History of Chinese in Singapore<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u83ef\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u737b\u3002\u90b1\u83fd\u5712\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u5357\u4f86\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8207\u300c\u6d77\u5cfd\u4e09\u5091\u300d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8b58\u6709\u4e09\u9ede\u5171\u901a\u8655\uff1a\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u672c\u571f\u60c5\u61f7\u540c\u6a23\u9bae\u660e\uff1b\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u540c\u6a23\u7a31\u980c\u82f1\u4eba\u7ba1\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ea6\u591a\u5c11\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\uff1b\u4e09\uff0c\u53d7\u81ea\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u89c0\u8207\u672c\u571f\u60c5\u61f7\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u7a2e\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u5f9e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3\u8fd1\u5e74\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u90fd\u53d7\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u7d50\u300d\u8207\u300c\u672c\u571f\u7d50\u300d\u8ad6\u722d\u6240\u7f88\u7d46\uff0c\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u8fd1\u5e74\u4e5f\u53d7\u4e2d\u570b\u300c\u92b3\u5be6\u529b\u300d\uff08sharp power\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u91cd\u6eab\u300c\u6d77\u5cfd\u4e09\u5091\u300d\u8207\u90b1\u83fd\u5712\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u610f\u8b58\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c0d\u53f0\u7063\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u4e43\u81f3\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u90fd\u4e0d\u7121\u555f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b78\u300d\u540c\u6a23\u80fd\u5920\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u4ecd\u672a\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u82f1\u6cbb\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u6975\u5177\u73fe\u5be6\u653f\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u300a\u96d9\u57ce\u5c0d\u5012\u300b\u7d42\u7ae0\u6240\u6b78\u7d0d\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u516b\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u8207\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5b98\u65b9\u6240\u5ba3\u63da\u7684\u82f1\u6b96\u6642\u4ee3\u53f2\u89c0\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u547c\u61c9\u4e86\u300a\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u7684\u8981\u65e8\uff0c\u5373\u8ad6\u8ff0\u70ba\u5efa\u570b\u4e4b\u672c\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u653f\u5e9c\u73cd\u8996\u82f1\u6cbb\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u8996\u82f1\u8a9e\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u9023\u63a5\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5a92\u4ecb\u800c\u975e\u300c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8a9e\u8a00\u300d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ee5\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53f2\u89c0\u5c07\u4e4b\u8cb6\u6291\uff0c 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style=\"text-indent: 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href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010857042?sloc=main\"><strong>\u535a\u5ba2\u4f86<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u258d<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eslite.com\/product.aspx?pgid=1001309702840166&amp;kw=%e6%96%b0%e5%8a%a0%e5%9d%a1%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f&amp;pi=searchType=\"><strong>\u8aa0\u54c1<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u258d<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lihi1.com\/IAbza\"><strong>\u4e09\u6c11<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u258d<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lihi1.com\/zwC3S\"><strong>\u8b80\u518a<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> 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