\u300a\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u300b\u4f86\u81ea\u67e5\u723e\u65af\uff0e\u6cf0\u52d2\uff08Charles Taylor\uff09\u6f14\u8b1b\u6240\u7de8\u8f2f\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u8655\u7406\u4e09\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u6027\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u6307\u6d89\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f\u53c8\u70ba\u4f55\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8fd1\u4e4e\u7121\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f\u4e16\u4fd7\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u2500\u2500\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u2500\u2500\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u7406\u6027\u8207\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u4f55\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6b67\u7fa9\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u4f5c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u6c11\u4e3b\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5247\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u300c\u9593\u63a5\u6c11\u4e3b\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u6642\u671f\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6301\u6709\u62d2\u65a5\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u539f\u5148\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6982\u5ff5\uff08people\u3001demos\u3001populus\uff09\u4e0d\u5982\u540c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u4e2d\u793e\u6703\u5167\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u975e\u7cbe\u82f1\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u6c11\u300d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u65af\u6642\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5236\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u7d71\u6cbb\u83c1\u82f1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5247\u662f\u6b0a\u529b\u6b78\u5c6c\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u70ba\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6b0a\u529b\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u4e14\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\uff08sovereignty\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u89c0\u2500\u2500\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5c0d\u65bc\u738b\u6b0a\u7684\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u6b78\u65bc\u541b\u738b\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u9769\u547d\u624d\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u626f\u4e0b\u91cb\u653e\u7d66\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u901a\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u76e7\u68ad\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u666e\u904d\u610f\u5fd7\u300d\uff08general will\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u76e7\u68ad\u7684\u300c\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u300d\u6b63\u662f\u8072\u7a31\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u77e5\u7576\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u2500\u2500\u96d6\u7136\u6258\u514b\u7dad\u723e\u5728\u300a\u820a\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u5927\u9769\u547d\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u5be6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u904e\u5f8c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u539f\u5148\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u5fa9\u614b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5176\u5f8c\u4e5f\u8fce\u4f86\u4e86\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u70ba\u4f55\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u616e\u540c\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\uff1f\u751a\u81f3\u5c31\u9023\u798f\u5c71\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5192\u96aa\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u7d42\u7d50\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff08rule of law\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u6cd5\u800c\u6cbb\uff08rule by law\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4f9d\u6cd5\u800c\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u57f7\u6cd5\u8005\u5373\u5982\u540c\u827e\u5e0c\u66fc\u9075\u5f9e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e8b\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u9019\u500b\u898f\u7bc4\u662f\u5426\u5177\u7531\u5408\u4e4e\u5176\u5f8c\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u884c\u4e8b\u6e96\u5247\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u66f4\u5fc5\u9808\u5408\u4e4e\u67d0\u4e9b\u539f\u5247\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u7acb\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u61b2\u653f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8655\u7406\u4e86\u4f5b\u6d1b\u59c6\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6096\u53cd\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6709\u300c\u554f\u8cac\u6027\uff08accountibility\uff09\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7686\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u53d7\u5bb3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e88\u4ee5\u548e\u8cac\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c07\u6b0a\u5229\u4e88\u4ee5\u56de\u5fa9\u6216\u8ce0\u511f\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u66f4\u4e14\u7531\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6240\u78ba\u7acb\u51fa\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u9078\u62d4\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5ffd\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u6c11\u4e3b\u9700\u8981\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a\u8a8d\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u96c6\u9ad4\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\uff1b\u96c6\u9ad4\u900f\u904e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u7a0b\u5e8f\u751f\u6548\uff1b\u5c0d\u975e\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u5171\u8b58\uff1b\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u4f7f\u547d\u7528\u570b\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u6539\u8b8a\u793e\u6703\u3002\u800c\u96c6\u9ad4\u80fd\u52d5\u8005\u5373\u70ba\u524d\u8ff0\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8f49\u79fb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u96c6\u9ad4\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u7a31\u4f5c\u96c6\u9ad4\u80fd\u52d5\u8005\uff08collective agency\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff1f\u4eba\u6c11\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u884c\u52d5\uff08\u96c6\u9ad4\u80fd\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff09\uff1f\u95dc\u65bc\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u8a8d\u540c\u300d\uff08political identity\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u500b\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u9ede\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u300c\u70ba\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u3001\u8ab0\uff1f\u300d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5340\u5225\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u81ea\u7531\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5247\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6b77\u7d93\u7684\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u570b\u65cf\u7684\u5275\u9020\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5247\u662f\u300c\u4fe1\u4efb\u300d\uff08trust\uff09\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5f7c\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u8207\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u8b70\u984c\u90fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u591a\u5143\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u5bb9\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u4e14\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u83c1\u82f1\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6311\u6230\u6642\u624d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u60df\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u662f\u6d41\u52d5\u505c\u6eef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6839\u672c\u57fa\u790e\u2500\u2500\u6216\u8aaa\u59cb\u81ea\u300a\u5229\u7dad\u5766\u300b\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u2500\u2500\u5728\u65bc\u539f\u5b50\u5f0f\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u540c\u610f\u300d\uff08consent\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u65bc\u540c\u610f\u6240\u8a02\u5b9a\u7684\u5951\u7d04\u624d\u6703\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\u5c07\u6703\u884d\u751f\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u7fa9\u52d9\uff1a\u5728\u5b88\u8afe\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5247\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5951\u7d04\u4e5f\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u7d04\u675f\u529b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7fa9\u52d9\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5171\u540c\u610f\u5fd7\u624d\u6210\u70ba\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u771f\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u65bc\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8207\u904e\u5f80\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c\u55ae\u5728\u7406\u6027\u300d\uff08reason alone\uff09\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u7531\u795e\u8056\u555f\u793a\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u984d\u5916\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u865f\u7a31\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u9a57\u6027\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u795e\u555f\uff08Revelation\uff09\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e16\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\u4e4b\u3002\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7406\u6027\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u8b93\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u300d\u812b\u80ce\u65bc\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9032\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u800c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u66f4\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u610f\u7fa9\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u6027\u5373\u70ba\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u5f8c\u7684\u7406\u6027\u300d\uff08secularized reason\uff09\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u300d\u539f\u5148\u662f\u8207\u300c\u795e\u8056\u300d\u5728\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5411\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u76f8\u5c0d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u8d85\u9a57\u7684\u5340\u5206\u4e2d\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u8d85\u9a57\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u8db3\u7d93\u9a57\u754c\uff0c\u518d\u66f4\u9032\u800c\u5c0d\u8d85\u9a57\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u8b93\u4e16\u4fd7\u6210\u70ba\u771f\u5be6\uff0c\u8d85\u9a57\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u9020\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u8b93\u4e16\u4fd7\u8207\u795e\u8056\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f9e\u539f\u5148\u5177\u6709\u5167\u5728\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u800c\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b93\u795e\u8056\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u2500\u2500\u5b97\u6559\u5340\u5225\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5b97\u6559\u88ab\u63a8\u64e0\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u7a7a\u9593\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u518d\u4f4d\u65bc\u516c\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u800c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u555f\u8499\uff08enlightment\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
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