\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u53cd\u8986\u8aaa\u904e\u597d\u5e7e\u6b21\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u300c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff08Velvet Revolution\uff09\u4e09\u5341\u9031\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u9999\u6e2f\u8fd1\u65e5\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u8981\u5fc5\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u63a2\u8a0e\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u6db5\uff08\u7b46\u8005\u65bc\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u770b\u300c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u9769\u547d\u300d\u4e09\u5341\u9031\u5e74\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\u6709\u5fc3\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u7279\u610f\u7559\u4e0b\u6297\u722d\u7684\u6587\u5ba3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u52301977\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u7576\u6642\u8607\u5171\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u80af\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u6301\u5404\u7a2e\u898b\u89e3\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u5c08\u696d\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u56b4\u683c\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u958b\u653e\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5718\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
<\/p>\n
\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u975e\u751a\u9ebc\u5177\u5be6\u8cea\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u5e7e\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u8d77\u8349\uff0c\u4e00\u773e\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u81ea\u9858\u7c3d\u7f72\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u7c3d\u7f72\u7684\u56e0\u7531\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f31975\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u53c3\u8207\u7c3d\u8a02\u7684\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6b0a\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u300a\u8d6b\u723e\u8f9b\u57fa\u6700\u7d42\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Helsinki Final Act\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300a\u8d6b\u723e\u8f9b\u57fa\u6700\u7d42\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7406\u61c9\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u7c3d\u7f72\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7576\u6642\u8607\u5171\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u300c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u4e4b\u6625\u300d\uff3bPrague Spring\uff3d\u5f8c\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u6848\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u53ef\u8aaa\u53ea\u662f\u865b\u6709\u5176\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300c\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b \u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u5169\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u7a31\u8b9a\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u300d\u672c\u9054\uff08V\u00e1clav Benda\uff09\u5728\u3008\u5e73\u884c\u653f\u9ad4\u3009\uff08The Parallel Polis\uff09\u958b\u5b97\u660e\u7fa9\u5730\u8aaa\uff1a \u300c\u5b83\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u898b\u89e3\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u614b\u5ea6\uff1b\u5b83\u6210\u529f\u4fdd\u6301\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u300d[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u4f46\u5176\u5f8c\u99ac\u4e0a\u53c8\u88dc\u5145\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ed6\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u6182\u616e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9818\u8896\uff08\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6377\u514b\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9818\u8896\uff09\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\uff08Jan Pato\u010dka\uff09\u4e4b\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u8d77\u8349\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u767c\u8868\u5f8c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5beb\u904e\u5e7e\u7bc7\u95e1\u660e\u5176\u7fa9\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9084\u672a\u4f86\u5f97\u53ca\u8207\u773e\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u88ab\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u76e4\u554f\u81f3\u6b7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d30\u7bc0\u6709\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u586b\u88dc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u3008\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u300a<\/strong>\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u548c\u751a\u9ebc\u4e0d\u662f\u3009\uff1a\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u300c\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u88ab\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u5f04\u5f97\u652f\u96e2\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u300d\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u5728\u3008\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u548c\u751a\u9ebc\u4e0d\u662f\u3009\uff08What Charter 77<\/em> Is and What It Is Not\uff09\uff0c \u4ee5\u9019\u6bb5\u958b\u9996\uff1a\u300c\u6d3b\u65bc\u7e41\u69ae\u537b\u4e0d\u611f\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u72c2\u71b1\u5730\u56ae\u5f80\u7740\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u826f\u85e5\u3002\u300d[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u9019\u53e5\u65bc\u4eca\u770b\u4f86\u4ecd\u820a\u6709\u8b66\u4e16\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u2500\u2500\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u770b\u300c\u53cd\u9001\u4e2d\u300d\u6297\u722d\u7684\u524d\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u300c\u9285\u947c\u7063\u66f8\u5e97\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300d\u7684\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u628a\u4eba\u5316\u7d04\u6210\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u7684\u826f\u65b9\uff1b\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u671f\u671b\u4ee5\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u790e\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5426\u5b9a\u6a5f\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u79c1\u76f8\u6388\u53d7\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u70ba\u5bb9\u8a31\u793e\u6703\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u70ba\u4eba\u3002\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u9858\u671b\u3001\u50be\u5411\u548c\u6e34\u6c42\u7684\u4efb\u6027\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9053\u5fb7\uff1b\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u628a\u4eba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u300d[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u9053\u5fb7\u5c0d\u6297\u6975\u6b0a\uff0c\u662f\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7cbe\u8981\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u76f4\u89c0\u6613\u660e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u900f\u904e\u5176\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\uff08phenomenology\uff09\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u70ba\u4e4b\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002\u4ee5\u8b80\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u7570\u7aef\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff08Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u66f4\u70ba\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u8ffd\u6c42\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u6311\u6230\u7576\u6642\u8607\u5171\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u9ede\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8981\u66f4\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u6975\u6b0a\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6399\u812b\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u7b46\u8005\u7684\u3008\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5f9e\u300c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u9769\u547d\u300d\u53cd\u601d\u9999\u6e2f\u3009<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u6642\uff0c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u8aaa\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u4eba\u53c8\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8a71\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u6b0a\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u7121\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u793e\u6703\u6574\u9ad4\u7686\u8981\u670d\u5f9e\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u9ad8\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u5177\u6709\u7d04\u675f\u529b\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u795e\u8056\u7684\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7dad\u8b77\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4e2d\u5c0b\u6c42\u8868\u9054\u9019\u7a2e\u8a8d\u53ef\u3002[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\uff08\u96d6\u7136\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u6975\u6b0a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u70ba\u6975\u6b0a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u65e9\u5c31\u628a\u5982\u6b64\u300c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u300d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u62cb\u8af8\u8166\u5f8c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u3008\u5e73\u884c\u653f\u9ad4\u3009\uff1a\u4e0d\u8b1b\u653f\u6cbb\u9084\u9700\u653f\u6cbb<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u6b7b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u672c\u9054\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u3008\u5e73\u884c\u653f\u9ad4\u3009\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u5c0d\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u6700\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u9054\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u628a\u9053\u5fb7\u7f6e\u65bc\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u55ae\u7d14\u5c31\u7406\u8ad6\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6295\u6a5f\u53d6\u5de7\u8fce\u5408\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u773e\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7c3d\u7f72\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u4ee4\u4ed6\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u9ad4\u8b70\u984c\u6216\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u300d[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u8e10\u8d77\u4f86\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4e8c\u4f86\uff08\u6216\u8a31\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c23\u5019\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u6975\u6b0a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u8e10\u300c\u662f\u81ea\u6bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u773e\u652f\u6301\u300d\u3002[7]<\/sup><\/a> \u4e09\u4f86\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5ee3\u7406\u61c9\u9060\u8d85\u65bc\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u2500\u2500\u61b2\u7ae0\u7684\u7c3d\u7f72\u8005\u6545\u6b64\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u65bc\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0b\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
\u8a3b\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n
[1]<\/a> V\u00e1clav Benda, \u201cThe Parallel \u2018Polis\u2019,\u201d In: Civic Freedom in Central Europe: Voices from Czechoslovakia<\/em> (Palgrave Macmillan, 1991), p. 35.<\/p>\n
[2]<\/a> Jan Pato\u010dka, \u201cWhat Charter 77 Is and What It Is Not,\u201d In: Charter 77 and Human Rights in Czechoslovakia<\/em>. Ed. H. Gordon Skilling (Unwin Hyman, 1981), p. 217.<\/p>\n
[3]<\/a> \u53ef\u53c3\u8003Aviezer Tucker, The Philosophy and Politics of Czech Dissidence from Pato<\/em>\u010dka to Havel. (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000), p. 28.<\/p>\n
[4]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 218.<\/p>\n
[5]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/p>\n
[6]<\/a> V\u00e1clav Benda, \u201cThe Parallel \u2018Polis\u2019,\u201d In: Civic Freedom in Central Europe: Voices from Czechoslovakia<\/em> (Palgrave Macmillan, 1991), p. 35.<\/p>\n
[7]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 36.<\/p>\n
[8]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/p>\n
[9]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 37.<\/p>\n
[10]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/p>\n
[11]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 37.<\/p>\n
[12]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.am730.com.hk\/column\/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E\/%E3%80%8C%E9%BB%83%E8%89%B2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%9C%88%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%9E%E4%B9%9F%E4%B8%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F-198522<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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