{"id":2457,"date":"2020-01-26T18:13:27","date_gmt":"2020-01-26T10:13:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=2457"},"modified":"2020-01-22T18:18:45","modified_gmt":"2020-01-22T10:18:45","slug":"%e5%b8%95%e6%89%98%e4%bb%80%e5%8d%a1%e7%9a%84%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%9e%e3%80%8c%e5%a4%a9%e9%b5%9d%e7%b5%a8%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%e3%80%8d%e5%8f%8d%e6%80%9d%e9%a6%99%e6%b8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=2457","title":{"rendered":"\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5f9e\u300c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u9769\u547d\u300d\u53cd\u601d\u9999\u6e2f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b50\u7684\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u300c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff08Velvet Revolution\uff09\u3002\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u6708\uff0811\u670817\u65e5\u81f312\u670829\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u4fbf\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u8fd1\u534a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u8607\u806f\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u7ba1\u6cbb\u6b72\u6708\u3002\u9019\u5834\u5982\u300c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u300d\u4e00\u6a23\u8f15\u67d4\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u300c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u4e4b\u6625\u300d\uff08Prague Spring\uff09\u6240\u57cb\u4e0b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c1968\u5e74\u300c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u4e4b\u6625\u300d\u7684\u5b8c\u7d50\uff0c\u8607\u806f\u628a\u5766\u514b\u958b\u9032\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u4eba\u5728\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u611f\u5230\u7121\u671b\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u5230\u4e861977\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u570b\u969b\u63a8\u8209\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u773e\u85dd\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7c3d\u7f72\u4e86\u7dad\u8b77\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\uff08Charter 77<\/em>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7c3d\u7f72\u8005\u548c\u767c\u8d77\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u4efb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6377\u514b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u7e3d\u7d71\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\uff08V\u00e1clav Havel\uff09\u3002\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\u767c\u8868\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u5f8c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5beb\u4e86\u300a\u7121\u6b0a\u529b\u8005\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u300b\uff08The Power of the Powerless<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u70ba\u6279\u8a55\u8607\u806f\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6377\u514b\u4eba\u6c11\u61c9\u812b\u96e2\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u8b0a\u8a00\uff0c\u6d3b\u65bc\u771f\u7406\u3002\u66f8\u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5c0d\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u672c\u9054\uff08V\u00e1clav Benda\uff09\u5728\u3008\u5e73\u884c\u653f\u9ad4\u3009\uff08Parallel Polis\uff09\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff08the development of parallel structures\uff09\u2500\u2500\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u55ae\u4e00\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6587\u5316\u300d\uff08\u770b\u53c3\u8003\u7b46\u8005\u65e9\u524d\u8f03\u70ba\u8a73\u7d30\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7c3d\u5b57\u4eba\uff0c\u300d\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u5c3e\u6bb5\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u53e5\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b64\u6388\u6b0a\u63da\uff0e\u5e15\u8a17\u4ec0\u5361\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u74e6\u8328\u62c9\u592b\uff0e\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\u535a\u58eb\u8207\u5409\u91cc\uff0e\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u535a\u58eb\u64d4\u4efb\u300a\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u4eba\u3002\u300d\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u767c\u8868\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\u8ddf\u672c\u9054\u4e00\u540c\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u4fc4\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u767c\uff08Ostrava\uff09\u7684\u76e3\u7344\uff0c\u4f0f\u5211\u56db\u5e74\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7c3d\u5b57\u4eba\uff0c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\uff08Jan Pato\u010dka\uff09\u65bc1977\u5e743\u670813\u65e5\u7d93\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u300c\u5be9\u8a0a\u300d\u5f8c\u5167\u51fa\u8840\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u300c\u514d\u65bc\u7262\u7344\u4e4b\u707d\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u662f\u6377\u514b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u6c42\u5b78\u6642\u6709\u5e78\u9047\u4e0a\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u5927\u5e2b\u80e1\u585e\u723e\uff08Edmund Husserl\uff09\u548c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\uff08Martin Heidegger\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u5e2b\u5011\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6377\u514b\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6cf0\u6597\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u8aaa\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u65bc\u300c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u9769\u547d\u300d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u548c\u76e7\u68ad\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u672c\u9054\u7684\u3008\u5e73\u884c\u653f\u9ad4\u3009\u5176\u5be6\u5beb\u65bc\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u8fad\u4e16\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u518d\u5ea6\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6587\u5316\u300d\u4ea6\u4e0d\u76e1\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u8981\u7406\u89e3\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u300c\u5929\u9d5d\u7d68\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff0c\u5148\u8981\u8b80\u8b80\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\uff1a\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u5230\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6b77\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u54f2\u5b78\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5148\u7576\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5171\u7522\u653f\u6b0a\u5c0d\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u7528\u591a\u52a0\u89e3\u91cb\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f1968\u5e74\u8607\u806f\u8ecd\u968a\u958b\u9032\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u5f8c\uff09\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u89aa\u8607\u653f\u6b0a\u63a8\u795f\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Soviet Marxism\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u8faf\u8b49\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08dialectical materialism\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e16\u754c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u3002\u3014\u9019\u88e1\u66ab\u4e0d\u8aaa\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8aaa\uff09\u5404\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u5b78\u7406\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u53ea\u7c21\u8a00\u7576\u4e2d\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5e36\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u601d\u8003\u7dda\u7d22\u3002\u3015<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u771f\u7406\u4ee5\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u610f\u8b58\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u500b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u6295\u5c04\u3002\u800c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5b87\u5b99\u842c\u7269\u53ea\u6309\u5176\u898f\u5f8b\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u89c0\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u6240\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u63a8\u7b97\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u614b\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7279\u5b9a\u539f\u5247\u9081\u5411\u4e00\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u81ea\u7136\u6703\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\u5728\u65bc\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5176\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u8173\uff0c\u8607\u5171\u7684\u7ba1\u6cbb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u51a0\u5195\u5802\u7687\u7684\u54f2\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u88dd\u5176\u55ae\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u6975\u6b0a\u6027\u8cea\u800c\u5df2\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u7576\u6642\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u662f\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\uff08phenomenology\uff09\u3002\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u53cd\u6975\u6b0a\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u5982\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u5f71\u97ff\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u662f\u7d0d\u7cb9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7acb\u8db3\u9ede\u8207\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4ee5\u53ca\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u6240\u62b5\u89f8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u8001\u5e2b\u80e1\u585e\u723e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\uff1b\u4f46\u7e3d\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u89c0\u610f\u8b58\u7f6e\u65bc\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u5404\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7acb\u8db3\u9ede\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\u69cb\u6210\u771f\u7406\u3002\u6210\u5c31\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6311\u6230\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u986f\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u7570\u7aef\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff08Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u3008\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u521d\u3009\uff08The Beginning of History\uff09\u958b\u5b97\u540d\u7fa9\u5730\u5beb\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5361\u723e\uff0e\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u5728\u67d0\u8655\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u3014\u2026\u3015\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8b39\u7576\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u95dc\u5fc3\u67d0\u4e8b\ufe51\u8b39\u7576\u6211\u5011\u773c\u524d\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u4e8b\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u548c\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u958b\u653e\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8b8a\u5316\u6210\u5f62\u624d\u7a31\u5f97\u4e0a\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6216\u8ddf\u610f\u7fa9\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u628a\u6b77\u53f2\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u62bd\u8c61\u5f97\u865b\u7121\u98c4\u6e3a\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u8aaa\u9019\u6771\u897f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u5f88\u96e3\u53eb\u4eba\u628a\u81ea\u8eab\u9023\u7e6b\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8981\u8ad6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u548c\u672c\u8cea\u8aaa\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u82b1\u7b46\u58a8\u5beb\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u60f3\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u80fd\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u5275\u9020\u7684\u4e8b\u614b\u2500\u2500\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u81ea\u8eab\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u95dc\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9748\u9b42\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u624d\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u63db\u4e00\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u500b\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\u5730\u88ab\u6b77\u53f2\u64fa\u4f48\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u5176\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u53c8\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u9023\u7e6b\u5230\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u50f9\u503c\uff1f\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u50f9\u503c\u8996\u70ba\u80fd\u5316\u7d04\u6210\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u800c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u986f\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u770b\u5f85\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u662f\u5167\u5728\u7684\ufe51\u6839\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e26\u975e\u5c31\u76ee\u6a19\u800c\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8a66\u5716\u8207\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u7406\u8ad6\u76f8\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u5beb\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u6642\uff0c\u65e9\u6709\u63d0\u904e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8aaa\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8981\u628a\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u91cd\u65b0\u5e36\u56de\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u3002\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u4e5f\u6703\u63d0\u53ca\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff1b\u4f46\u4ed6\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u57ce\u90a6\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5be6\u8e10\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u6709\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u81f3\u5584\u548c\u6c42\u771f\uff08\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u624d\u8a73\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7684\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\uff09\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u555f\u6cd5\u4e86\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\u7684\u300a\u7121\u6b0a\u529b\u8005\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u300b\uff0c\u628a\u56de\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c\u6d3b\u65bc\u771f\u7406\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9664\u4e86\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u9084\u76f4\u63a5\u70ba\u64fa\u812b\u5916\u5728\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9580\u8def\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u4eba\u6703\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u7576\u6642\u8607\u5171\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\uff0c\u7528\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\u6709\u540d\u7684\u83dc\u8ca9\u60c5\u5883\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u5bb6\u6c34\u679c\u548c\u852c\u83dc\u5e97\u7684\u7d93\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u5e97\u92ea\u6ae5\u7a97\u7684\u6d0b\u8525\u548c\u80e1\u863f\u8514\u4e4b\u9593\u653e\u8457\u300e\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4eba\u5718\u7d50\u4e00\u81f4\uff01\u300f\u7684\u53e3\u865f\u3002\u4ed6\u4f55\u4ee5\u8981\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff1f\u300d[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u3008\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u300a\u4e03\u4e03\u61b2\u7ae0\u300b\u548c\u751a\u9ebc\u4e0d\u662f\u3009\uff08What Charter 77<\/em> Is and What It Is Not\uff09\uff0c\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u9019\u6bb5\u958b\u9996\uff1a\u300c\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u88ab\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u5f04\u5f97\u652f\u96e2\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u6d3b\u65bc\u7e41\u69ae\u537b\u4e0d\u611f\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u72c2\u71b1\u5730\u56ae\u5f80\u8457\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u826f\u85e5\u3002\u300d[8]<\/sup><\/a> \u9019\u986f\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8ddf\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4eba\u8aaa\uff1a\u4f60\u5011\u958b\u53e3\u8aaa\u8457\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u6703\u6557\u58de\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u300c\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u4eba\u704c\u8f38\u5177\u6709\u7ba1\u6cbb\u610f\u5473\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u70ba\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u6700\u7d42\u6975\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4f9d\u64da\u300d\uff0c\u8ddf\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u7570\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u4e4b\u5999\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u5982\u54c8\u7dad\u723e\u6240\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u865b\u6d6e\u5730\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u3002 \u5b83\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8eab\u4efd\ufe51\u5c0a\u56b4\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5e7b\u89ba\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9060\u96e2\u5b83\u5011 \u3002\u300d[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u5171\u4f5c\u70ba\u73fe\u4eca\u6700\u5927\u7684\u300c\u5f8c\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11\u704c\u6e89\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u611b\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6545\u624d\u6703\u6709\u300c\u5168\u570b\u5404\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5718\u7d50\u842c\u6b72\u300d\u548c\u300c\u767c\u5c55\u624d\u662f\u786c\u9053\u7406\u300d\u7b49\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u53e3\u865f\u3002\u800c\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5fc5\u9808\u807d\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u7d93\u6fdf\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u624d\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u8457\u8981\u300c\u6b62\u66b4\u5236\u4e82\u300d\u3002\u300c\u6b62\u66b4\u5236\u4e82\u300d\uff0c\u70ba\u7684\u8981\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u6703\u554f\uff1a\u7d93\u6fdf\u7e41\u69ae\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\u54ea\u88e1\uff1f\u5047\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u6c11\u9055\u80cc\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u53c8\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u662d\u5f70\uff1f\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u8981\u5f9e\u50c5\u662f\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u904e\u6e21\u5230\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u3002[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Aviezer Tucker, The Philosophy and Politics of Czech Dissidence from Pato<\/em>\u010dka to Havel. (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000), p. 3.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u5c0d\u65bc\u5e15\u6258\u4ec0\u5361\u8207\u672c\u9054\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\uff1aMartin Palou\u0161, \u201cJan Pato\u010dka versus V\u00e1clav Benda,\u201d in Civic Freedom in Central Europe<\/em>, ed. Gordon Skilling (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991).<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Jan Pato\u010dka, Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History<\/em> (Open Court, 1996), p. 27.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Ibid., <\/em>p. 46.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 54-55.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 56-57.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> V\u00e1clav Havel, The Power of the Powerless<\/em> (Vintage Classics, 2018), ch III.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Jan Pato\u010dka, \u201cWhat Charter 77 Is and What It Is Not,\u201d In: Charter 77 and Human Rights in Czechoslovakia<\/em>. Ed. H. Gordon Skilling (Unwin Hyman, 1981), p. 217.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> V\u00e1clav Havel, The Power of the Powerless<\/em> (Vintage Classics, 2018), ch III.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Jan Pato\u010dka, \u201cThe \u2018Natural\u2019 World and Phenomenology,\u201d in Jan Pato\u010dka: Philosophy and Selected Writings<\/em>, ed. and trans. Erazim Koh\u00e1k (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), p. 263.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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