{"id":2030,"date":"2019-03-31T19:48:19","date_gmt":"2019-03-31T11:48:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=2030"},"modified":"2019-03-26T19:57:15","modified_gmt":"2019-03-26T11:57:15","slug":"%e3%80%90%e3%80%8asample%e6%a8%a3%e6%9c%ac%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e6%9c%9f%e3%80%8c%e6%ad%a1%e8%bf%8e%e5%85%89%e8%87%a8%e8%b3%ad%e5%8d%9a%e6%a8%82%e5%9c%92%e3%80%8d%e3%80%91%e7%8f%be%e4%bb%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paratext.hk\/?p=2030","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u300aSample\u6a23\u672c\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u671f\u300c\u6b61\u8fce\u5149\u81e8\u8ced\u535a\u6a02\u5712\u300d\u3011\u73fe\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u6a5f\u7387\u7684\u8208\u8d77"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>* \u539f\u6587\u520a\u65bc\u300aSample\u6a23\u672c\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u671f\u300c\u6b61\u8fce\u5149\u81e8\u8ced\u535a\u6a02\u5712\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I. \u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u6a5f\u7387\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u65e9\u5df2\u6df1\u5165\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7fd2\u4ee5\u70ba\u5e38\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7528\u4e4b\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u7406\u6027\u300d\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7387\u4f86\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u6703\u662f\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u8b49\u64da\u4e5f\u6700\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6a5f\u7387\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u6027\u300d\u537b\u8ddf\u5b83\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u5927\u76f8\u5f91\u5ead\uff1a\u5728\u5341\u516d\u3001\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\uff0c\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8ddf\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6a5f\u7387\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7d55\u53e3\u4e0d\u63d0\u3002\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6982\u5ff5\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u9019\u6982\u5ff5\u537b\u7a81\u7136\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u723e\uff08Pascal\uff09\u3001\u8cbb\u723e\u99ac\uff08Fermat\uff09\u3001\u840a\u5e03\u5c3c\u8332\uff08Leibniz\uff09\u3001\u60e0\u66f4\u65af\uff08Huygens\uff09\u3001\u4f2f\u52aa\u5229\uff08Bernoulli\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u624b\u88e1\u9010\u6b65\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u7206\u767c\u7684\u56e0\u7531\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u6a5f\u7387\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u524d\u9047\u5230\u751a\u9ebc\u77e5\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u963b\u9694\uff1f\u5728\u6240\u8b02\u73fe\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u914d\u5408\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u601d\u60f3\u6f6e\u6d41\u800c\u767c\u63da\u5149\u5927\u5462\uff1f<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u89e3\u7b54\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u539f\u6709\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6a5f\u7387\u89c0\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u300c\u61f8\u7f6e\u300d\uff08suspension\uff09\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u65e5\u5e38\u6a5f\u7387\u89c0\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08\u5982\u64f2\u9ab0\u5b50\u3001\u62bd\u734e\u7b49\uff09\u9818\u7565\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c64\u7406\u89e3\u6a5f\u7387\uff0c\u8f15\u7387\u7684\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u6b78\u7d0d\u5230\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u537b\u6703\u628a\u601d\u60f3\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u9818\u5230\u6096\u8ad6\u3002\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u5230\u5341\u4e2d\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u88ab\u9078\u4e2d\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u662f1\/10\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6578\u4e2d\u9078\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9078\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u662f\u4e00\u9664\u7121\u9650\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u5e38\u8b58\u9019\u662f\u96f6\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u537b\u597d\u50cf\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u66f4\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6a5f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. \u6b77\u53f2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u6df1\u53d7\u798f\u67ef\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Ian Hacking\u5728<em>The Emergence of Probability<\/em>\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u6a5f\u7387\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a5f\u7387\u751f\u6210\u7684\u524d\u8a2d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c64\u9762\uff08episteme\uff09\u8f49\u63db\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u65b7\u5c64\uff08epistemological break\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7d93\u9662\u54f2\u5b78\uff08\u5982\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u54f2\u5b78\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a8d\u77e5\u88ab\u5206\u70ba\u610f\u898b\uff08opinio\uff09\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\uff08scientia\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u898b\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\uff0f\u79d1\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\uff0f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\uff08cause\uff09\u3002\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u5728\u9019\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff08\u9019\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u300c\u89e3\u91cb\u300d\u8207\u4e0d\u540c\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff09\u662f\u5f9e\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u65b7\u5148\u9a57\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u8b49\u660e\uff08demonstration\uff09\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\u9918\u5730\uff0c\u76f4\u5c6c\u65bc\u6046\u5b9a\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u795e\u5b78\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u88e1\u5df2\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u547d\u984c\u90fd\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u8655\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u77e5\u8b58\uff0f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u9818\u57df\u88e1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u73fe\u4ee3\u6a5f\u7387\u89c0\u5ff5\u5168\u7121\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8207\u4e4b\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002\u4f46\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e26\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u628a\u6a5f\u7387\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u4f4e\u7b49\u2500\u2500\u5373\u610f\u898b\u2500\u2500\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1b\u5341\u56db\u3001\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6587\u737b\u7684\u78ba\u6709\u904b\u7528\u6a5f\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a5e\u8a9e\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u5b83\u6240\u6307\u7684\u300c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u300d\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u5be9\u8996\u5ba2\u89c0\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u614b\u64c1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6b77\u53f2\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u652f\u6490\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u898b\u8b49\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5927\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a5f\u7387\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u7528\u7684\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6574\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u7d50\u69cb\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u91d0\u6e05\u4e86\u9019\u8a8d\u77e5\u5c64\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u6e05\u5b83\u7a76\u7adf\u6b20\u7f3a\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\uff1aHacking\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u7576\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u7269\u800c\u6a19\u793a\u5176\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u9019\u6982\u5ff5\u6b63\u662f\u7b26\u865f\uff08sign\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u7b26\u865f\u537b\u6e90\u65bc\u88ab\u79d1\u5b78\u6392\u9664\u7684\u300c\u4f4e\u7b49\u79d1\u5b78\u300d\uff08low sciences\uff0c\u5982\u91ab\u5b78\u7b49\uff09\u8ddf\u7576\u6642\u76db\u884c\u7684\u7149\u91d1\u8853\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\u6f14\u5316\u6210\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8def\u9014\u7576\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u66f2\u6298\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a73\u8ff0\u3002\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u6709\u95dc\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u5361\u5e0c\u723e\u8457\u540d\u7684<em>The Individual and the Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u537b\u4f86\u81ea\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u7576\u5e15\u62c9\u585e\u723e\u65af\uff08Paracelsus\uff09\u9084\u662f\u628a\u6587\u5b57\u8207\u4e00\u773e\u8ff7\u4fe1\u4e2d\u6240\u7528\u7684\u7b26\u865f\uff08\u661f\u76f8\u3001\u6d41\u661f\u7b49\uff09\u6b78\u70ba\u540c\u4e00\u77e5\u8b58\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5c11\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u653e\u68c4\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u7b49\u3001\u4f4e\u7b49\u79d1\u5b78\u5340\u5225\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u8feb\u4f7f\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u91cd\u69cb\u6574\u500b\u601d\u60f3\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u628a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u88e1\u3002\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5e38\u63d0\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u66f8\uff08book of nature\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u9019\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u66f8\u4e5f\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff08\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u6559\u7236\u8457\u4f5c\u7b49\uff09\u6df7\u800c\u70ba\u4e00\u3002\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4fbf\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u9019\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269:\u4ed6\u5c07\u81ea\u7136\u6578\u5b78\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5ba3\u544a\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u6b63\u6b63\u5beb\u65bc\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6211\u5011\u773c\u524d\u6524\u5c55\u7684\u5049\u5927\u66f8\u7c4d\u88e1\u2500\u2500\u6211\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u2500\u2500\u4e0d\u904e\u6211\u5011\u82e5\u4e0d\u5148\u5b78\u7fd2\u9019\u90e8\u66f8\u8cf4\u4ee5\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u7576\u4e2d\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u3002\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u8207\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u958b\u62d3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7a7a\u9593\u9010\u6f38\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u820a\u77e5\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u66f4\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u6851\u8fea\uff09\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u65b7\u5c64\uff08epistemological break\uff09\u5012\u7f6e\u4e86\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u65b7\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\uff1a\u6b78\u7d0d\u908f\u8f2f\u7531\u6b64\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u63a8\u8ad6\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5373\u5f9e\u81ea\u7136\u6548\u61c9\u4e2d\u6b78\u7d50\u51fa\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u65b7\u3002\u6b78\u7d0d\u81ea\u8eab\u537b\u4e0d\u518d\u5617\u8a66\u9054\u5230\u7d55\u5c0d\u80af\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u9593\u63a5\u806f\u7e6b\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\uff08\u6216\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u60c5\u6cc1\uff09\u8207\u6a5f\u7387\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u6b8a\u975e\u4e00\u671d\u4e00\u5915\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff1b\u5f8c\u725b\u9813\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u9084\u662f\u628a\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u653e\u5230\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u65bc\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u723e\u6240\u7a31\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u795e\u5b78\uff08onto-theology\uff09\u9ad4\u7cfb\u88e1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u5982\u840a\u5e03\u5c3c\u8332\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u6b78\u7d0d\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u5207\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5c0d\u7acb\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u671f\u9593\u65b0\u820a\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7db1\u9818\u4e0d\u8a08\u5176\u6578\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u6c7a\u88c2\u4fbf\u80fd\u5728\u65b0\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7522\u751f\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5d29\u58de\uff0c\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\uff08Berkeley\uff09\u6307\u51fa\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u7f77\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u9019\u524d\u8a2d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u610f\u898b\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u9019\u5340\u5225\u4fbf\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\uff1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56e0\uff0c\u8207\u4f4e\u7b49\u79d1\u5b78\u6240\u89c0\u6e2c\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u5be6\u5247\u540c\u70ba\u4e00\u7269\u3002\u4f11\u8b28\u628a\u9019\u4e00\u601d\u8def\u63a8\u5230\u6975\u9650\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u5177\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u300c\u6b78\u7d0d\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff08induction problem\uff09\u3002\u7576\u672c\u4f86\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u5df2\u8207\u53ea\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u610f\u898b\u9818\u57df\u5408\u800c\u70ba\u4e00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5207\u79d1\u5b78\u90fd\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4e5f\u88ab\u6467\u6bc0\u3002\u4f11\u8b28\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u64bc\u52d5\u4e86\u795e\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u2500\u2500\u4ed6\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u795e\u5b78\u6311\u6230\uff08\u795e\u8e5f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u795e\u8056\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u9019\u88e1\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u6982\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u7c97\u6dfa\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u3002\u5f9e\u73fe\u4ee3\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u89c0\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u6578\u5b78\u4e0a\u8f03\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u6e2c\u5ea6\u8ad6\uff08measure theory\uff09\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u96db\u5f62\uff08Kolmogorov axioms\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u5c79\u81f3\u5982\u4eca\u5c0d\u6a5f\u7387\u89c0\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8a6e\u91cb\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8b0e\u5718\uff0c\u5404\u5bb6\u5404\u6d3e\u90fd\u5404\u57f7\u4e00\u8a5e\uff08\u8c9d\u8449\u65af\u8ad6\u3001\u983b\u7387\u89e3\u91cb\u3001\u50be\u5411\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\u22ef\u22ef\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u6bb5\u6b77\u53f2\u4e5f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6d1e\u6089\u73fe\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u5c11\u547d\u984c\u8207\u6a5f\u7387\u6982\u5ff5\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u51fa\u4e00\u8f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. <\/strong><strong>\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u5df4\u8fea\u6b50\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u74b0\u74b0\u76f8\u6263\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u8207\u771f\u7406\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u96e3\u770b\u51fa\u6a5f\u7387\u8207\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c64\u9762\u88e1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff08\u6253\u7834\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u610f\u898b\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u4f11\u8b28\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u77e5\u8b58\u964d\u5230\u610f\u898b\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u8b8a\u76f8\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u771f\u7406\u89c0\uff0c\u4e5f\u69cb\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f11\u8b28\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7570\u65bc\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u4e3b\u984c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u6539\u505a\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u2500\u2500\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u4f11\u8b28\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6b78\u7d0d\u554f\u984c\u8feb\u4f7f\u7684\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u61c9\u5c0d\u9019\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4ed6\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u501f\u7528\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5408\u6210\uff08synthesis\uff09\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u958b\u4f11\u8b28\u7684\u7591\u96e3\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u96e3\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5bdf\u770b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7d93\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6027\uff08finitude\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6e90\u982d\uff1a\u9019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u5207\u57fa\u790e\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u52d5\u6416\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5927\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u727d\u9023\u3002<em>After Finitude<\/em>\u4e00\u66f8\u4ee5\u6d1b\u514b\u4e00\u6b21\uff0f\u4e8c\u6b21\u8cea\u91cf\uff08primary\/secondary qualities\uff09\u4f5c\u958b\u982d\u2500\u2500\u9019\u6b63\u6b63\u61c9\u5c0d\u4e86\u7b26\u865f\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u3002\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\uff08correlationism\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e5f\u61c9\u5c0d\u4e86\u4f11\u8b28\u8207\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e00\u8def\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u5617\u8a66\u7a81\u7834\u9019\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5316\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e86\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u628a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6578\u5b78\u5316\u7684\u610f\u5716\u3002\u6574\u500b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u8207\u6a5f\u7387\u89c0\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u6210\u7fa4\u9023\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u5617\u8a66\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u9069\u7576\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u89c0\u4f86\u652f\u6490\u79d1\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5148\u7956\u6027\uff08ancestrality\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u628a\u6240\u6709\u547d\u984c\u8b8a\u6210\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u547d\u984c\uff0c\u9593\u63a5\u4ee4\u771f\u6b63\u4e0d\u4f9d\u5c6c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u5920\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u6253\u7834\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u89c0\u3002\u5728\u53d7\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u54f2\u5b78\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u88e1\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u8d85\u7136\u65bc\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u53c8\u8cdc\u4e88\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u80fd\u5920\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e00\u5207\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u8207\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d85\u8d8a\u6709\u9650\u6027\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff08\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u5c0d\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u751a\u70ba\u6a21\u7cca\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u7d55\u7684\u8c50\u8db3\uff08plenitude\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u3002\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u537b\u69cb\u60f3\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\uff1a\u9019\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u89c0\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ef0\u8cf4\u4e00\u500b\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5982\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e00\u822c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7d55\u5c0d\u539f\u521d\u7684\u6240\u4e88\uff08given\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u7d55\u5c0d\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\u727d\u4e0a\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u614b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7121\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u8b8a\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u614b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5168\u5c6c\u5076\u7136\u3002\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u628a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u8b8a\u6210\u7d55\u5c0d\uff0c\u4f46\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7d44\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u6027\uff08facticity\uff09\u624d\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u3002\u9019\u7d55\u5c0d\u89c0\u4e5f\u8b93\u4ed6\u627e\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u7684\u76f2\u9ede\uff1a\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u7d55\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u537b\u53ea\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u6df7\u6c8c\uff08chaos\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u652f\u6490\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u7d55\u5c0d\u5fc5\u9808\u884d\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u914d\u5408\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u6211\u5011\u6240\u898b\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u3002\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u5316\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f11\u8b28\u8207\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u90fd\u5047\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u601d\u8003\u300c\u6240\u6709\u300d\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u9019\u7121\u7591\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u5148\u9a57\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08a priori possible\uff09\u653e\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5168\u9ad4\uff08whole\uff09\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u3002\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u5df4\u8fea\u6b50\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u5168\u9ad4\u537b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u7d93\u9a57\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba2\u9ad4\u904b\u7528\u6a5f\u7387\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff08\u9019\u727d\u6d89\u6a5f\u6703\uff0cchance\uff09\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4ee5\u4f86\u6311\u6230\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u9019\u727d\u6d89\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0ccontingency\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 40px;\">\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u9019\u7acb\u8ad6\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u99ac\u62c9\u5e03\uff08Malabou\uff09\u5728<em>Before Tomorrow<\/em>\u4e00\u66f8\u4fbf\u5c0d\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u51fa\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u4f46\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u5df2\u7d93\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee3\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6885\u4e9e\u8607\u57fa\u65bc\u5eb7\u6258\u723e\u7121\u9650\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c0d\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u66f4\u6578\u5b78\u5316\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u5076\u7136\u6027\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u53c8\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u76f8\u8fd1\u4e4b\u8655\uff1f\u5df4\u8fea\u6b50\u5728\u525b\u51fa\u7248<em>L\u2019Immanence des Verites<\/em> 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